1124-11-4 | 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
5g	95%	in stock	$6.00	$4.00
10g	95%	in stock	$7.00	$5.00
25g	95%	in stock	$15.00	$11.00
100g	95%	in stock	$58.00	$41.00
500g	98%	in stock	$251.00	$176.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AB79598
• Chemical Name: 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine
• CAS Number: 1124-11-4
• Molecular Formula: C8H12N2
• Molecular Weight: 136.1943
• MDL Number: MFCD00006146
• SMILES: Cc1nc(C)c(nc1C)C

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 87.8
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Heavy Atom Count: 10
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• XLogP3: 1.3

Literature

• Effects of tetramethylpyrazine from Chinese black vinegar on antioxidant and hypolipidemia activities in HepG2 cells.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20171101

• Nrf2 Activation Is Required for Ligustrazine to Inhibit Hepatic Steatosis in Alcohol-Preferring Mice and Hepatocytes.

  Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 20170201

• 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) down-regulated arsenic-induced heme oxygenase-1 and ARS2 expression by inhibiting Nrf2, NF-κB, AP-1 and MAPK pathways in human proximal tubular cells.

  Archives of toxicology 20160901

• Nrf2 knockdown attenuates the ameliorative effects of ligustrazine on hepatic fibrosis by targeting hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation.

  Toxicology 20160715

• Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protects against sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and programed cell death.

  Archives of toxicology 20150701

• Effect of dihydropyrazines on human hepatoma HepG2 cells: a comparative study using 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethylpyrazine and 3-hydro-2,2,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine.

  The Journal of toxicological sciences 20140801

• Ligustrazine attenuates elevated levels of indoxyl sulfate, kidney injury molecule-1 and clusterin in rats exposed to cadmium.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20140101

• Identification and characterization of a tetramethylpyrazine catabolic pathway in Rhodococcus jostii TMP1.

  Applied and environmental microbiology 20130601

• Ligustrazine attenuates oxidative stress-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells by interrupting platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor-mediated ERK and p38 pathways.

  Toxicology and applied pharmacology 20121115

• Development of ligustrazine-loaded lipid emulsion: formulation optimization, characterization and biodistribution.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20121101

• Effect of Xiongbing compound on the pharmacokinetics and brain targeting of tetramethylpyrazine.

  The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20121101

• A modified LC-MS/MS method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine in microdialysis samples and calibration of home-made linear probes.

  Biomedical chromatography : BMC 20121001

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute spinal cord injury in rats].

  Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences 20121001

• Tetramethylpyrazine-mediated suppression of C6 gliomas involves inhibition of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression.

  Oncology reports 20120901

• Characterization of cocoa liquors by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS: focus on alkylpyrazines and flavanols.

  Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS 20120901

• Effects of Ligustrazine on pulmonary damage in rats following scald injury.

  Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 20120801

• Therapeutic effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone in rat ischemic stroke models.

  Journal of neuroscience research 20120801

• Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on cardiac function and mortality rate in septic rats.

  Chinese journal of integrative medicine 20120801

• Interaction of tetramethylpyrazine with two serum albumins by a hybrid spectroscopic method.

  Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 20120701

• [Protective effect of Ligustrazine preconditioning on hepatic energy metabolism in ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat].

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 20120701

• Novel multi-functional nitrones for treatment of ischemic stroke.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20120615

• Tetramethylpyrazine reverses multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells through regulating the expression and function of P-glycoprotein.

  Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 20120601

• Microemulsion-based patch for transdermal delivery of huperzine A and ligustrazine phosphate in treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

  Drug development and industrial pharmacy 20120601

• Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by tetramethylpyrazine and its effects on A549 cell invasion and metastasis.

  International journal of oncology 20120601

• Ligustrazine phosphate ethosomes for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, in vitro and in animal model studies.

  AAPS PharmSciTech 20120601

• Integrated investigation of lipidome and related signaling pathways uncovers molecular mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine and butylidenephthalide protecting endothelial cells under oxidative stress.

  Molecular bioSystems 20120601

• [Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligustrazine injection on the early myocardial damage of patients with severe burn].

  Zhonghua shao shang za zhi = Zhonghua shaoshang zazhi = Chinese journal of burns 20120601

• Evaluation of antioxidant and immunity function of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate tablets in vivo.

  Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20120508

• Effects of ligustrazine on ureteral obstruction-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

  Phytotherapy research : PTR 20120501

• Selective mGluR1 antagonist EMQMCM inhibits the kainate-induced excitotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures and in the rat hippocampus.

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• Ginsenoside-Rb1 and tetramethylpyrazine phosphate act synergistically to prevent dilated cardiomyopathy in cTnTR141W transgenic mice.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20120501

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  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20120501

• [Garlicin ameliorated pressure overload induced myocardial fibrosis in rats through partial inhibiting TGF-beta1 mediated Smads signal].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20120501

• [Effect of different compatibility of tetramethylpyrazine on its pharmacokinetics in vivo].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20120501

• Synthesis and biological evaluation of new ligustrazine derivatives as anti-tumor agents.

  Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20120430

• TMP prevents retinal neovascularization and imparts neuroprotection in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model.

  Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20120401

• [The preparation and evaluation of tissue inducible nerve guide conduit].

  Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi 20120401

• Synergistic protective effect of astragaloside IV-tetramethylpyrazine against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury induced by transient focal ischemia.

  Journal of ethnopharmacology 20120306

• Preparation and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs of once-a-day tetramethylpyrazine phosphate sustained-release pellets.

  Drug development and industrial pharmacy 20120301

• Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates PPAR-γ antagonist-deteriorated oxazolone-induced colitis in mice.

  Molecular medicine reports 20120301

• Tetramethylpyrazine potentiates arsenic trioxide activity against HL-60 cell lines.

  Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 20120301

• Transcriptome profiling of heat-resistant strain Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3962 producing Maotai flavor.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20120227

• Effects of Ligustrazine on pancreatic and renal damage after scald injury.

  Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 20120201

• In pursuit of P2X3 antagonists: novel therapeutics for chronic pain and afferent sensitization.

  Purinergic signalling 20120201

• Ligustrazine attenuates acute lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma.

  Saudi medical journal 20120201

• Protective effects of ligustrazine on TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction.

  European journal of pharmacology 20120115

• Ligustrazine injection for chronic pulmonary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20120101

• Protective effect of ligustrazine against myocardial ischaemia reperfusion in rats: the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20120101

• Six alkaloids inhibit secretion of IL-1α, TXB(2), ET-1 and E-selectin in LPS-induced endothelial cells.

  Immunological investigations 20120101

• Meta-analysis of the clinical effect of ligustrazine on diabetic nephropathy.

  The American journal of Chinese medicine 20120101

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  PloS one 20120101

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• Ligustrazine attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway.

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• TREM-1 Promotes Pancreatitis-Associated Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction.

  Gastroenterology research and practice 20120101

• Understanding the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis and potential therapeutic approaches.

  Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 20120101

• Preparation of natural borneol/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and its effect on the absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in mouse.

  Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 20120101

• Traditional Japanese herbal (kampo) medicines and treatment of ocular diseases: a review.

  The American journal of Chinese medicine 20120101

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• [Molecular mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine to induce human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells differentiation].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20111101

• Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong on nephropathy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

  Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 20111015

• Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits migration of SKOV3 human ovarian carcinoma cells and decreases the expression of interleukin-8 via the ERK1/2, p38 and AP-1 signaling pathways.

  Oncology reports 20110901

• Ligustrazine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation by affecting P27, Bcl-2 expression in rat mesangial cells.

  European journal of pharmacology 20110831

• Ligustrazine improves atherosclerosis in rat via attenuation of oxidative stress.

  Pharmaceutical biology 20110801

• [Inhalation of aerosolized perfluorocarbon combined with tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hemodynamics and pulmonary histopathology in a porcine model of acute lung injury].

  Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 20110801

• Ligustrazine formation in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar: changes during fermentation and storing process.

  Journal of the science of food and agriculture 20110701

• Tetramethylpyrazine protects spinal cord and reduces inflammation in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.

  Journal of vascular surgery 20110701

• Protective effects and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine against lens opacification induced by sodium selenite in rats.

  Experimental eye research 20110701

• Chuanxiongzine-astragaloside IV decreases IL-1β and Caspase-3 gene expressions in rat brain damaged by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion: a study of real-time quantitative PCR assay.

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• Pharmacokinetic study of a novel stroke therapeutic, 2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxidoimino]methyl]-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, by a simple HPLC-UV method in rats.

  European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 20110601

• A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: heterocyclic nitrogen compounds.

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• (E,E,E,E)-2,3,5,6-Tetra-kis{2-[4-(dimethyl-amino)-phen-yl]ethen-yl}pyrazine.

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• Transcriptome analysis of the effects of gomisin a on the recovery of carbon tetrachloride-induced damage in rat liver.

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  Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology 20110501

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• The protective mechanism of ligustrazine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

  The Journal of surgical research 20110401

• Comparison of fermented soybean paste (Doenjang) prepared by different methods based on profiling of volatile compounds.

  Journal of food science 20110401

• Monoclinic polymorph of 2,5-bis[4-(dimethyl-amino)-styr-yl]-3,6-dimethyl-pyrazine.

  Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online 20110401

• Additive effect of tetramethylpyrazine and deferoxamine in the treatment of spinal cord injury caused by aortic cross-clamping in rats.

  Spinal cord 20110201

• 3-(4-Hy-droxy-3-meth-oxy-phen-yl)acrylic acid-2,3,5,6-tetra-methyl-pyrazine (2/1).

  Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online 20110201

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  Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20110101

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  Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20110101

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  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 20110101

• Differential proteomic analysis of platelets suggested possible signal cascades network in platelets treated with salvianolic acid B.

  PloS one 20110101

• Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage in rats via the ROS-HIF-VEGF pathway.

  Pharmacology 20110101

• Preparation of a ligustrazine ethosome patch and its evaluation in vitro and in vivo.

  International journal of nanomedicine 20110101

• Attenuating effect of pretreatment with Yiqifumai on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestine injury and survival rate in rat.

  Journal of inflammation (London, England) 20110101

• Effect of Guanabenz on Rat AMD Models and Rabbit Choroidal Blood Flow.

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  International journal of molecular sciences 20110101

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  Chinese medicine 20110101

• Pharmacokinetics of ligustrazine ethosome patch in rats and anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-ischemic reperfusion injury effect.

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  Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20110101

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  International journal of nanomedicine 20110101

• Preparation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for topical delivery.

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• Evaluation of the Possible Mechanisms of Antihypertensive Activity of Loranthus micranthus: An African Mistletoe.

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  International journal of nanomedicine 20110101

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  Neurochemistry international 20101201

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  Brain research 20101118

• The protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on cartilage explants and chondrocytes.

  Journal of ethnopharmacology 20101111

• Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples.

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  Chinese medical journal 20101101

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• A feeding strategy for tetramethylpyrazine production by Bacillus subtilis based on the stimulating effect of ammonium phosphate.

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• Coadministration of huperzine A and ligustrazine phosphate effectively reverses scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.

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• Volatile composition and sensory analysis of Italian gianduja torrone.

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• Alleviation of CCl4-induced cirrhosis in rats by tetramethylpyrazine is associated with downregulation of leptin and TGF-beta1 pathway.

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• Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits production of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-induced N9 microglial cells through blockade of MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species.

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• Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by tetramethylpyrazine in adult rat brain after focal ischemia.

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• Chuanxiongzine relaxes isolated corpus cavernosum strips and raises intracavernous pressure in rabbits.

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• Protective action of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate against dilated cardiomyopathy in cTnT(R141W) transgenic mice.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20100301

• Stabilization of mitochondrial function by tetramethylpyrazine protects against kainate-induced oxidative lesions in the rat hippocampus.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20100215

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  Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 20100201

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• The effect of tetramethylpyrazine on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20100101

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• Therapeutic time window and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

  Neuroscience letters 20090102

• [Effects of ligustrazine injection on high glucose-induced type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expressions in human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro].

  Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine 20090101

• Atorvastatin ameliorates cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage and inhibits caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway.

  BMC neuroscience 20090101

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on expression of Smad7 and SnoN in rats with UUO].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20090101

• Chinese medicines as a resource for liver fibrosis treatment.

  Chinese medicine 20090101

• Neurological and neurobehavioral assessment of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

  BMC neuroscience 20090101

• Purinergic mechanosensory transduction and visceral pain.

  Molecular pain 20090101

• Protective effect of chuanxiongzine-puerarin in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia.

  Nuclear medicine communications 20081201

• [The influence of JNK inhibitor on hemodynamics after ischemia/reperfusion injury to the heart in rats].

  Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue = Chinese critical care medicine = Zhongguo weizhongbing jijiuyixue 20081201

• Forty-six cases of vertebrobasilar insufficiency treated by acupuncture plus intravenous infusion of ligustrazine.

  Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan 20081201

• Effect of chitosan structure properties and molecular weight on the intranasal absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in rats.

  European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 20081101

• [Effect of ligustrazine on expression of RhoA mRNA, ROCK-II protein in the lung and airway inflammation of allergic asthma model mice].

  Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics 20081101

• [Regulatory effect of ligustrazine and Radix astragalus on RANTES and receptor CCR5 expression in the genesis and development process of endometriosis].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20081101

• [Effects of ligustrazine on extracellular acetylcholine levels in rat brain dialysate].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20081101

• Ferulic acid, but not tetramethylpyrazine, significantly attenuates retinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations by acting as a hydroxyl radical scavenger.

  Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 20081001

• Antioxidative and thrombolytic TMP nitrone for treatment of ischemic stroke.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20081001

• Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on primary afferent transmission mediated by P2X3 receptor in neuropathic pain states.

  Brain research bulletin 20080905

• Effect of ligustrazine injection on levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in patients with bronchial asthma.

  Chinese journal of integrative medicine 20080901

• [The efficacy of tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents on inhibiting neointima formation in porcine coronary arteries].

  Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi 20080901

• Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Tetramethylpyrazine following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

  Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20080818

• [Mechanism of ligustrazine promoting hematopoietic reconstitution in syngenic bone marrow transplanted mice].

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 20080801

• [Tetramethylpyrazine accelerated spinal cord repair through regulation of caspase-3 and neurofilament protein expression: an acute spinal cord injury model in rats].

  Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences 20080801

• [Determination and fingerprint analysis of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid in Ligusticum chuanxiong].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20080801

• Amelioration of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by tetramethylpyrazine, a major constituent of the Chinese herb Ligusticum wallichi.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20080701

• [Effect of acupuncture on target action of ligustrazine in treatment of toxic deafness induced by gentamicin in guinea pigs].

  Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion 20080701

• Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rat retinal cell cultures.

  Neurochemistry international 20080501

• [Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the scores of the water maze and the long-term potentiation of hippocampus in epileptic Sprague Dawley rats].

  Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 20080501

• Preparation of molecularly imprinted adsorptive resin for trapping of ligustrazine from the traditional Chinese herb Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.

  Analytica chimica acta 20080407

• Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits activities of glioma cells and glutamate neuro-excitotoxicity: potential therapeutic application for treatment of gliomas.

  Neuro-oncology 20080401

• [Impacts of tetramethylpyrazine on BDNF, bFGF expression and neuron-protection in severe brain injury tissue of rat].

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 20080301

• [Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on endothelin and nitric oxide contents in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage].

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 20080301

• Biocompatibility of tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents in normal porcine coronary arteries.

  Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 20080201

• [Effect of puerarin and ligustrazine on cultured hippocampal neurons injury induced by Abeta25-35].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20080201

• [Influence of borneol on nasal absorption of Ligustrazinee].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20080201

• [Optimization of ligustrazine phosphate thermosensitive gel formulation by central composite design-response surface methodology].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20080201

• Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine and salvianolic acid B on apoptosis of rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell under high shear stress.

  Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation 20080101

• A simple gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate and borneol in mouse plasma and brain tissue after oral administration of the fufang tetramethylpyrazine phosphate tablets.

  Journal of chromatographic science 20080101

• Suppression of blood lipid concentrations by volatile Maillard reaction products.

  Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 20080101

• Effect of ligustrazine on chronic allograft nephropathy in rats.

  Transplantation proceedings 20071201

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on platelet activation and vascular endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20071201

• [Ligustrazine and cimetidine therapy for the prevention of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis in children: a follow-up study of 380 cases].

  Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 20071001

• Muscle composition after 14-day hindlimb unloading in rats: effects of two herbal compounds.

  Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 20071001

• Pharmacological activity of cardiovascular agents from herbal medicine.

  Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry 20071001

• [Effects of acupoint-embedding of medicinal thread and electroacupuncture on contents of TNF-alpha and IL-6 of hippocampus tissue in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].

  Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research 20071001

• Effects of cinnamene enhancers on transdermal delivery of ligustrazine hydrochloride.

  European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 20070901

• [Aqueous humor penetration of ligustrazine hydrochloride eye drops after topical administration in rabbit eyes].

  Yan ke xue bao = Eye science 20070901

• Attenuation of streptomycin ototoxicity by tetramethylpyrazine and its effect on K⁺ channels in the outer hair cells of guinea pig cochlea.

  Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 20070825

• Tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents prevented in-stent restenosis in a porcine model.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20070801

• Quantitative study of the drug efflux kinetics from sensitive and MDR human breast cancer cells.

  Biochimica et biophysica acta 20070701

• [Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on brain oxidative damage induced by intracerebral perfusion of L-DOPA in rats with Parkinson's disease].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20070701

• Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits agiontensin II-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation and bone morphogenetic protein-2 downregulation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

  Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 20070625

• Supramolecular synthon polymorphism in 2 : 1 co-crystal of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine.

  Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 20070621

• The enhancing effect of synthetical borneol on the absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in mouse.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20070607

• Protective effect of ligustrazine on accelerated anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis in rats is based on its antioxidant properties.

  European journal of pharmacology 20070601

• Delayed protection of tetramethylpyrazine on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation injury.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20070601

• [Effect of ligustrazine on nNOS expression and neuranagenesis in adult rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].

  Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 20070601

• [Relationship between cardiomyocyte protein synthesis and cell viability].

  Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 20070601

• [Effect of ligustrazine on cell proliferation in subventricular zone in rat brain with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].

  Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences 20070601

• Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel Ligustrazine derivatives.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20070515

• Ligustrazine attenuates acute myocardium injury after thermal trauma.

  Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 20070501

• Neuroprotective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.

  Cell biology international 20070501

• [Effect of ligustrazine on migration of neuronal precursors after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20070501

• [Effect of ligustrazine and L-arginine on function of mitochondria in myocardium after ischemia/reperfusion injury of myocardium in rabbits].

  Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 20070501

• Ligustrazine alleviates gastric mucosal injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

  Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT 20070401

• Tetramethylpyrazine protects rat renal tubular cell apoptosis induced by gentamicin.

  Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 20070301

• Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses HIF-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and activated caspase-3 expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain ischemia in rats.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20070301

• [Establishment of oxygen and glucose deprive model of in vitro cultured hippocampal neuron and effect of ligustrazine on intracellular Ca+ level in model neurons].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20070301

• Proteomic analysis of the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on irradiated QXMSC1 cells.

  Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20070201

• [Effect of ligustrazine on expression of Fas/FasL in pulmonary injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits].

  Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 20070201

• The cardioprotective effect of isosteviol on rats with heart ischemia-reperfusion injury.

  Life sciences 20070102

• Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on rat experimental choroidal neovascularization in vivo and endothelial cell cultures in vitro.

  Current eye research 20070101

• Effect and mechanism of ligustrazine on Th1/Th2 cytokines in a rat asthma model.

  The American journal of Chinese medicine 20070101

• Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits angiotensin II-increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and subsequent proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.

  The American journal of Chinese medicine 20070101

• Ligustrazine alleviates acute renal injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

  World journal of gastroenterology 20061221

• Tetramethylpyrazine production from glucose by a newly isolated Bacillus mutant.

  Applied microbiology and biotechnology 20061201

• [Study on metabolism of tetramethylpyrazine in system of rat liver microsomes].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20061201

• X-ray diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering study of 1:1 tetramethylpyrazine chloranilic acid complex: temperature, isotope, and pressure effects.

  The Journal of chemical physics 20061121

• Ligustrazine alleviates acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

  Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT 20061101

• [The effect of ligustrazine on cells proliferation in cortex and striatum after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20061101

• Preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine on intestinal mucosal injury in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

  World journal of gastroenterology 20061021

• [Effects of ligustrazine on hippocampal dentate gyrus cell proliferation after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats].

  Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 20061001

• [Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of bFGF in bone marrow stromal cells of mice after BMT].

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 20061001

• [Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha by rat peritoneal macrophages].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20061001

• Tetramethylpyrazine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

  Journal of biomedical science 20060901

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20060901

• [Effect of ligustrazine on cell proliferation in subventricular zone of lateral cerebral ventricle after adult rat suffering from focal cerebral ischemia].

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 20060901

• [The effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the pharmacokinetics of intragastrically administered cyclosporine A in rats].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20060901

• [Effects of ligustrazine injection on lymph circulation in rats with acute microcirculation disturbance].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20060901

• Effect of citric acid and glycine addition on acrylamide and flavor in a potato model system.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060809

• Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates adriamycin-induced apoptotic injury in rat renal tubular cells NRK-52E.

  Planta medica 20060801

• [Therapeutic effects of intraarticular injection of ligustrazine on knee osteoarthritis].

  Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences 20060801

• [Inhibition of extracts from 17 Chinese herbs on periodontal pathogenic microbes].

  Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology 20060801

• [Investigation of the in vivo desintegration and transit behavior of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate pulsincap capsule in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs by gamma scintigraphy].

  Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi 20060801

• [Effects of D-limonene and L-limonene on transdermal absorption of ligustrazine hydrochloride].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20060801

• [Effect of ligustrazine, synthetic borneol on lasting time of ciliary movement].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20060801

• [The effects of tetramethylpyrazine on lung injury induced by brain ischemia/reperfusion].

  Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 20060801

• Effects of four Si-Wu-Tang's constituents and their combination on irradiated mice.

  Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20060701

• [Effect of Ligustrazine on type I, III collagen synthesis in lung tissue of silica-treated rat].

  Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research 20060701

• Simultaneous determination of Gastrodin and Ligustrazine hydrochloride in dog plasma by gradient high-performance liquid chromatography.

  Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20060616

• Involvement of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ in tetramethylpyrazine-induced colonic anion secretion.

  Cell biology international 20060601

• Effect of Ligustrazine on liver injury after burn trauma.

  Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 20060501

• Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.

  Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 20060501

• Inhibitory mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

  Planta medica 20060401

• Low frequency internal modes of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, tetramethylpyrazine and tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone INS, Raman, infrared and theoretical DFT studies.

  Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 20060301

• [The effects of tetramethylpyrazine in combination with rhein on proliferation and apoptosis in human liver cell L-02 induced by TGFb1 and TG].

  Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 20060301

• [Protective effect of ligustrazine and propofol on peri-operational liver ischemia-reperfusion injury].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20060301

• Ligustrazine inhibits high voltage-gated Ca(2+) and TTX-resistant Na(+) channels of primary sensory neuron and thermal nociception in the rat: a study on peripheral mechanism.

  Neuroscience bulletin 20060301

• [Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on large-conductance Ca²⁺-activated potassium channels in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells].

  Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 20060225

• Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine against ischemic brain injury in rats.

  Neurochemistry international 20060201

• [Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on fibrosis of atrial tissue and atrial fibrillation in a canine model of congestive heart failure induced by ventricular tachypacing].

  Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine 20060101

• Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in very small volumes of dog plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study.

  Journal of chromatographic science 20060101

• [Interferential effect of ligustrazine injection on lymph circulation during the recovery of hemorrhagic shock in rats].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20060101

• Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Tetramethylpyrazine following spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.

  BMC neuroscience 20060101

• Effects of enantiomer and isomer permeation enhancers on transdermal delivery of ligustrazine hydrochloride.

  Pharmaceutical development and technology 20060101

• Preclinical and clinical examinations of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its tanshinones in ischemic conditions.

  Chinese medicine 20060101

• The underlying cellular mechanism in the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the anion secretion of colonic mucosa.

  The Japanese journal of physiology 20051201

• [Effect of ligustrazine on the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 in the pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits].

  Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 20051101

• Tetramethylpyrazine downregulates angiotensin II-induced endothelin-1 gene expression in vascular endothelial cells.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20051001

• Role of cGMP signals in tetramethylpyrazine induced relaxation of the isolated rat aortic strip.

  Life sciences 20050812

• [Effects of Ligustrazine and Radix Astragali on activities of myosin adenosine triphosphatase of soleus muscle and muscle atrophy in tail-suspended rats].

  Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering 20050801

• [Protective effects of ligustrazine against photoreceptor cell injury induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and its mechanism].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20050801

• Tetramethylpyrazine stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated anion secretion in distal colon of rodents.

  World journal of gastroenterology 20050721

• Tetramethylpyrazine protected photoreceptor cells of rats by modulating nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20050701

• Inhibition of cyclic strain-induced endothelin-1 secretion by tetramethylpyrazine.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20050701

• [Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the respiratory inhibition induced by hypoxia in rats].

  Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 20050701

• Ligustrazine attenuates acute lung injury after burn trauma.

  Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 20050601

• [Determination of ligustrazine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction].

  Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography 20050501

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the responses of respiration and expression of nNOS in brainstem to hypoxia in rats].

  Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 20050425

• Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits ATP-activated currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

  Brain research 20050408

• [Effect of danshensu and ligustrazine on related genes of myocardial hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20050401

• Activation of apical CFTR and basolateral Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels by tetramethylpyrazine in Caco-2 cell line.

  European journal of pharmacology 20050314

• [Experimental study of evaluation on neuroprotective effect for tetramethylpyrazine against focal cerebral ischemic injury with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20050201

• [Evaluation of the efficacy of ligustrazine collaborated with magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension in rats].

  Shi yan sheng wu xue bao 20050201

• [Effects of three Chinese traditional drugs on afferent discharge from single muscle spindle in toads].

  Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering 20050201

• Antioxidative effects of tetramethylpyrazine on acute ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation.

  The American journal of Chinese medicine 20050101

• Enhancing effects of ligustrazine on expression of CD31 and hematopoietic reconstitution in syngenic bone marrow transplantation of mice.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20050101

• Effects of ligustrazine on the contraction of isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum strips.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20050101

• Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine and its metabolite in dog plasma.

  Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 20041225

• [Effect of ligustrazine on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats].

  Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 20041201

• Tetramethylpyrazine reduces ischemic brain injury in rats.

  Neuroscience letters 20041130

• [Effects of combination therapy of rehin and tetramethylpyrazine on experimental hepatic fibrosis induced by tetrachloride].

  Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 20041101

• The electrochemistry and determination of Ligustrazine hydrochloride.

  Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 20041001

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on lipopolysaccharides induced macrophage cyclo-oxidase-2 expression and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20041001

• [Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine and L-arginine on rats with acute myocardial infarction].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20041001

• [Study on ligustrazine in reversing multidrug resistance of HepG2/ADM cell in vitro].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20041001

• Improvement of barrier function and stimulation of colonic epithelial anion secretion by Menoease Pills.

  World journal of gastroenterology 20040901

• The protective effects of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion and DPPH free radical-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat hearts.

  Planta medica 20040901

• Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on learning and memory function in D-galactose-lesioned mice.

  Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih 20040901

• Effect of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in murine kidney.

  Transplantation proceedings 20040901

• Preparative isolation and purification of chuanxiongzine from the medicinal plant Ligusticum chuanxiong by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20040827

• [Effect of chuanxiongzine on the relaxation of isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum tissues].

  Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 20040801

• [Effects of ligustrazine on expression of PECAM-1/CD31 and hematopoietic reconstitution in syngenic bone marrow transplantation of mice].

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 20040801

• [Experimental study on prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma by compound Chinese herbal monomer recipe].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20040801

• [Study on the interactions between four components in Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome and acceptors on cardiac muscle membrane].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20040701

• Differential Cl- and HCO3- mediated anion secretion by different colonic cell types in response to tetromethylpyrazine.

  World journal of gastroenterology 20040615

• [The effect of ligustrazine on the expression of CD44 in bone marrow of bone marrow transplantation mice].

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 20040601

• [Cardiac hemodynamics after suprarenal ligation of the inferior vena cava and the resection of the right kidney or injection of ligustrazine in rats].

  Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer 20040501

• [Effect of ligustrazine on expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor in bone marrow of mice with acute radiation injury].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20040501

• [Effect of ligustrazine on injury of vascular endothelial cells ECV-304 induced by hypoxia and lack of glucose].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20040501

• [Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in bone marrow transplantation recipient mice].

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 20040401

• Effects of electroacupuncture plus intra-carotid drug injection on rheoencephalogram in patients with cerebral infarction.

  Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan 20040301

• [Effect of Ligustrazine on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone marrow stromal cells of radiation injured mice].

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 20040201

• [Progress of the study on effective integredients from Chinese herbal medicine in anti-tumor metastasis].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20040201

• Type two cytokines predominance of human lung cancer and its reverse by traditional Chinese medicine TTMP.

  Cellular & molecular immunology 20040201

• Studies on the aroma of cupuassu liquor by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20040130

• Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on acute nociception mediated by signaling of P2X receptor activation in rat.

  Brain research 20040109

• [Chemical profiles of methylpyrazines contained in commercially available natto].

  Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 20040101

• Nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation by Rhizoma Ligustici wallichii in isolated rat thoracic aorta.

  Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 20040101

• Inhibition of shear-induced platelet aggregation in rat by tetramethylpyrazine and salvianolic acid B.

  Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation 20040101

• Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of LFA-1, ICAM-1 following bone marrow transplantation in mice.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20040101

• [Effect of tetromethylpyrazine and aminoguanidine on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in kidney of diabetic rats].

  Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine 20040101

• Pickles, pectin, and penicillin.

  Annual review of microbiology 20040101

• Preparation of cardiovascular disease-related genes microarray and its application in exploring ligustrazine-induced changes in endothelial gene expression.

  Polish journal of pharmacology 20040101

• Inhibitory effects of ligustrazine, a modulator of thromboxane-prostacycline-nitric oxide balance, on renal injury in rats with passive Heyman nephritis.

  Nephron. Physiology 20040101

• The oxygen radical generator pyrogallol impairs cardiomyocyte contractile function via a superoxide and p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway: protection by anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine.

  Cardiovascular toxicology 20040101

• Basolateral membrane mechanisms involved in ligustrazine-stimulated anion secretion in rat distal colon.

  Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 20031225

• [Protective effect of ligustrazine on insulin resistance after local cerebral ischemia of rat].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20031201

• Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on exocrine pancreatic and bile secretion.

  World journal of gastroenterology 20031115

• Tetramethylpyrazine elicits disparate responses in cardiac contraction and intracellular Ca(2+) transients in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes.

  Vascular pharmacology 20031101

• Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on potassium channels to lower calcium concentration in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20031001

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on learning, memory and cholinergic system in D-galactose-lesioned mice].

  Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 20031001

• [Effect of ligustrazine on cell cycle and prostacyclin of injured vascular endothelial cells induced by hypoxia and lack of glucose].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20031001

• [Ligustrazine and Salvia miltiorrhiza injection solution in complementary therapy of pregnancy-induced hypertension: clinical analysis of 60 cases].

  Di 1 jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the first medical college of PLA 20030901

• [Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on cytosolic free calcium concentration in penis corpus cavernsum smooth muscle cells in rabbits].

  Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 20030801

• [Effect of ligustrazine on proliferative glomerulonephritis].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20030801

• Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on P-selectin and hepatic/renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.

  World journal of gastroenterology 20030715

• Synthesis of the novel liqustrazine derivatives and Their protective effect on injured vascular endothelial cell damaged by hydrogen peroxide.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20030707

• Convolution method to predict drug concentration profiles of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine following transdermal application.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20030618

• [Comparing effect in the management of erectile dysfunction by using 2 sets of drugs of intracavernosal injection].

  Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 20030601

• Tetramethylpyrazine as potassium channel opener to lower calcium influx into cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.

  Planta medica 20030601

• [Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis in rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture].

  Hunan yi ke da xue xue bao = Hunan yike daxue xuebao = Bulletin of Hunan Medical University 20030601

• Mechanisms responsible for the in vitro relaxation of ligustrazine on porcine left anterior descending coronary artery.

  European journal of pharmacology 20030516

• [Clinical application and pharmacological actions of ligustrazine].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20030501

• [Progress on TCM drug-therapy of antagonizing arteriosclerosis].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20030501

• Iron-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells: attenuation by tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid.

  European journal of pharmacology 20030425

• AgC(CN)3-based coordination polymers.

  Inorganic chemistry 20030421

• Tetramethylpyrazine scavenges superoxide anion and decreases nitric oxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

  Life sciences 20030418

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on endothelin, von Willebrand factor and thromboxane A2 during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients of congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20030401

• [Study on the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on tumor cells: survey and prospects].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20030401

• Physicochemical characterization and percutaneous delivery of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20030306

• Comparative studies of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction by micropipette and flow chamber techniques.

  Biorheology 20030101

• The effects of Ligustrazine on the expression of bFGF and bFGFR in bone marrow in radiation injured mice.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20030101

• The prediction of plasma and brain levels of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine following transdermal application.

  AAPS pharmSci 20021201

• In vitro permeation of tetramethylpyrazine across porcine buccal mucosa.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20020901

• [Preparation and in vitro release of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate pulsincap capsule controlled by an erodible plug].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20020901

• Inhibitory effects of potassium channel blockers on tetramethylpyrazine-induced relaxation of rat aortic strip in vitro.

  Life sciences 20020802

• [Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on voltage-dependent channels in aortic smooth muscle of rat].

  Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 20020801

• Effects of various principles from Chinese herbal medicine on rhodamine123 accumulation in brain capillary endothelial cells.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20020701

• Hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of tetramethylpyrazine on acute econazole-induced liver injury.

  Planta medica 20020601

• [Effect of ligustrazine on bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice after bone marrow transplantation].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20020501

• [Effects of ligustrazin on lipid peroxidation during hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury].

  Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology 20020501

• Use of gas chromatography-olfactometry to identify key odorant compounds in dark chocolate. Comparison of samples before and after conching.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20020410

• [Cultivation of fibroblasts derived from urethral scar and the effects of salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine on its growth].

  Hua xi yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of West China University of Medical Sciences = Huaxi yike daxue xuebao 20020401

• Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on kainate-induced excitotoxicity in hippocampal culture.

  Neuroreport 20020325

• Studies on single-cell adhesion probability between lymphocytes and endothelial cells with micropipette technique.

  Microvascular research 20020301

• [Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on red blood cells during autotransfusion].

  Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 20020301

• [The intervention effects of Angelica sinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine on peritoneal macrophages during peritoneal dialysis].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20020301

• [Effects of ligustrazine on blood vessels and blood components].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20020201

• Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates spinal cord ischemic injury due to aortic cross-clamping in rabbits.

  BMC neurology 20020101

• [Expression of transcription factor T-bet/GATA3 in lung cancer patients and its interference by the traditional Chinese herbal medicine].

  Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology] 20020101

• Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on absolute ethanol-induced renal toxicity in mice.

  Journal of biomedical science 20020101

• Protection by tetramethylpyrazine in acute absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions.

  Journal of biomedical science 20020101

• Tetramethylpyrazine protects mice against thioacetamide-induced acute hepatotoxicity.

  Journal of biomedical science 20020101

• Protective effects of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys.

  Microsurgery 20020101

• Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

  The American journal of Chinese medicine 20020101

• Effects of ligustrazine on hematopoiesis in the early phase of bone marrow transplantation mice.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20020101

• The effect of ligustrazine on peritoneal transport in peritoneal dialysis.

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 20020101

• [Advances in the study on transdermal permeation of active elements of natural drugs in vitro].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20020101

• Current studies on anti-endotoxic chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine in China.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20011201

• [Effect of ligustrazine peritoneal dialysate on CD40 expression of rat peritoneal mesothellial cells].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20011201

• Specific inhibiting characteristics of tetramethylpyrazine, one of the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine 'Chuanxiong,' on platelet thrombus formation under high shear rates.

  Thrombosis research 20011001

• Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

  Journal of chromatographic science 20010901

• Aqueous flare elevation induced by transcorneal application of highly selective agonists for prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in pigmented rabbits: effect of tetramethylpyrazine.

  Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators 20010701

• Effect of tetramethyl pyrazine on L-type calcium channel in rat ventricular myocytes.

  Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 20010701

• Antithrombotic effects of tetramethylpyrazine in in vivo experiments.

  International journal of hematology 20010401

• [Transporting into the kidney of medications injected into the renal adipose capsules of rats].

  Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 20010325

• Pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine in rat blood and brain using microdialysis.

  International journal of pharmaceutics 20010323

• [Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl pyrazine in Ephedra herba by HPLC].

  Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography 20010301

• [Effect of combination of ligustrazine and nitrendipine on hemodynamics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20010301

• Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on prostaglandin E(2)- and prostaglandin E(2) receptor agonist-induced disruption of blood-aqueous barrier in pigmented rabbits.

  Japanese journal of ophthalmology 20010101

• Ligustrazini inhibits endotoxin induced PAI-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

  Journal of Tongji Medical University = Tong ji yi ke da xue xue bao 20010101

• Effect of ligustrazine on hematopoiesis in bone marrow transplantation mice.

  Journal of Tongji Medical University = Tong ji yi ke da xue xue bao 20010101

• [Therapeutic mechanism of combination therapy of ligustrazine and nitrendipine in treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

  Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine 20010101

• Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on heart rate and pupil diameter in rats.

  Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica 19900901