149-87-1 | Dl-pyroglutamic acid

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
1g	98%	in stock	$13.00	$9.00
5g	98%	in stock	$15.00	$10.00
25g	98%	in stock	$18.00	$12.00
50g	≥95%	in stock	$34.00	$24.00
100g	98%	in stock	$42.00	$30.00
500g	98%	in stock	$83.00	$59.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AA74105
• Chemical Name: Dl-pyroglutamic acid
• CAS Number: 149-87-1
• Molecular Formula: C5H7NO3
• Molecular Weight: 129.1140
• MDL Number: MFCD00064322
• SMILES: O=C1CC[C@H](N1)C(=O)O

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 154
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Heavy Atom Count: 9
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
• XLogP3: -0.8

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  Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online 20091101

• Spinal ERK activation via NO-cGMP pathway contributes to nociceptive behavior induced by morphine-3-glucuronide.

  Biochemical pharmacology 20091015

• Glutathione modulation reverses the growth-promoting effect of growth factors, improving the 5-fluorouracil antitumour response in WiDr colon cancer cells.

  Anticancer research 20091001

• The protective effects of N-Acetl-cysteine, oxo-thiazolidine-carboxylate, acetaminophen and their combinations against sulfur mustard cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast cell line (HF2FF).

  Iranian biomedical journal 20091001

• Pulmonary exposure to diesel exhaust particles promotes cerebral microvessel thrombosis: protective effect of a cysteine prodrug l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

  Toxicology 20090919

• Immunodominant epitope and properties of pyroglutamate-modified Abeta-specific antibodies produced in rabbits.

  Journal of neuroimmunology 20090818

• High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of pidotimod in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

  Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 20090815

• Metadoxine, an ion-pair of pyridoxine and L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, blocks adipocyte differentiation in association with inhibition of the PKA-CREB pathway.

  Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 20090815

• Procysteine stimulates expression of key anabolic factors and reduces plantaris atrophy in alcohol-fed rats.

  Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 20090801

• Pro-oxidant-mediated hepatic fibrosis and effects of antioxidant intervention in murine dietary steatohepatitis.

  International journal of molecular medicine 20090801

• Concise asymmetric synthesis of configurationally stable 4-trifluoromethyl thalidomide.

  Future medicinal chemistry 20090801

• Pyroglutamate formation influences solubility and amyloidogenicity of amyloid peptides.

  Biochemistry 20090728

• L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate reverses glutathione oxidation and delays fatigue of skeletal muscle in vitro.

  Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20090701

• Metabonomic study of ochratoxin a toxicity in rats after repeated administration: phenotypic anchoring enhances the ability for biomarker discovery.

  Chemical research in toxicology 20090701

• Pyroglutamic acid promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury.

  Current eye research 20090701

• Tanycyte pyroglutamyl peptidase II contributes to regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis through glial-axonal associations in the median eminence.

  Endocrinology 20090501

• Desflurane but not sevoflurane can increase lung resistance via tachykinin pathways.

  British journal of anaesthesia 20090501

• The orientation of BN-related peptides adsorbed on SERS-active silver nanoparticles: comparison with a silver electrode surface.

  The journal of physical chemistry. B 20090409

• Peptides of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone family: a new take on biodiversity.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 20090401

• Gastric electrical stimulation for obesity: the need for a new device using wider pulses.

  Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20090301

• Promising therapies in sickle cell disease.

  Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets 20090301

• [Capsule metadoxine in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study].

  Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 20090301

• Conversion of 4-oxoproline esters to 4-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid esters.

  Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 20090201

• NMDA receptor up-regulates pyroglutamyl peptidase II activity in the rat hippocampus.

  Neuroscience letters 20090116

• Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity of a new peptide pENW (pGlu-Asn-Trp).

  The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20090101

• Metabolic profiling of the response to an oral glucose tolerance test detects subtle metabolic changes.

  PloS one 20090101

• A proteomic approach for studying insect phylogeny: CAPA peptides of ancient insect taxa (Dictyoptera, Blattoptera) as a test case.

  BMC evolutionary biology 20090101

• New therapeutic approach to Tourette Syndrome in children based on a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind phase IV study of the effectiveness and safety of magnesium and vitamin B6.

  Trials 20090101

• Pidotimod: a reappraisal.

  International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology 20090101

• NK1 receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction with different sensitivity to post-receptor signaling in pulmonary arteries.

  Vascular pharmacology 20090101

• Neuroendocrine transcriptional programs adapt dynamically to the supply and demand for neuropeptides as revealed in NSF mutant zebrafish.

  Neural development 20090101

• [Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: age peculiarities, breakthrough in pathogenetic therapy].

  Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology 20090101

• Pathophisiology of sickle cell disease and new drugs for the treatment.

  Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases 20090101

• Synthesis of highly substituted pyroglutamates via a domino Michael addition-Claisen rearrangement-lactamisation approach.

  Organic & biomolecular chemistry 20081221

• Acute alcohol intoxication.

  European journal of internal medicine 20081201

• Biological activity and identification of neuropeptides in the neurosecretory complexes of the cabbage pest insect, Mamestra brassicae (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera).

  Acta biologica Hungarica 20081201

• Synergistic immunostimulatory effect of pidotimod and red ginseng acidic polysaccharide on humoral immunity of immunosuppressed mice.

  Die Pharmazie 20081201

• Characterization of low-molecular-weight antiyeast metabolites produced by a food-protective Lactobacillus-Propionibacterium coculture.

  Journal of food protection 20081201

• Synthesis of the phosphinic analogue of thyrotropin releasing hormone.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20081107

• Structural properties of bombesin-like peptides revealed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering on roughened silver electrodes.

  Biopolymers 20081101

• Anterior pituitary pyroglutamyl peptidase II activity controls TRH-induced prolactin release.

  Peptides 20081101

• Effect of hypomagnesemia on allogeneic activation in mice.

  Transplant immunology 20081101

• Stimulatory effects of bioamines norepinephrine and dopamine on locomotion of Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.): is the adipokinetic hormone involved?

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 20081101

• A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-independent pathway of glutathione catabolism to glutamate via 5-oxoproline in Arabidopsis.

  Plant physiology 20081101

• Expression of lipid storage droplet protein-1 may define the role of AKH as a lipid mobilizing hormone in Manduca sexta.

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20081101

• Participation of the cholinergic system in ameliorating effect of vasopressin fragment by group I metabotropic glutamate-receptor blockade.

  Journal of pharmacological sciences 20081101

• Antioxidant effects and insulin resistance improvement of chromium combined with vitamin C and e supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition 20081101

• Natural variation in plasticity of glucose homeostasis and food intake.

  The Journal of experimental biology 20081001

• Glutaminyl cyclase inhibition attenuates pyroglutamate Abeta and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology.

  Nature medicine 20081001

• Normal saline induces oxidative stress in peritoneal mesothelial cells.

  Journal of pediatric surgery 20081001

• Synergistic immunostimulating activity of pidotimod and red ginseng acidic polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.

  Archives of pharmacal research 20080901

• Guilty as charged: unmeasured urinary anions in a case of pyroglutamic acidosis.

  The Netherlands journal of medicine 20080901

• 5-Oxoproline as a cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis: an uncommon cause with common risk factors.

  The Netherlands journal of medicine 20080901

• Clinical applications of urinary organic acids. Part I: Detoxification markers.

  Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic 20080901

• Impact of cyclosporine A on magnesium homeostasis: clinical observation in lung transplant recipients and experimental study in mice.

  Transplantation 20080815

• Origins of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vertebrates: identification of a novel GnRH in a basal vertebrate, the sea lamprey.

  Endocrinology 20080801

• Inhibition of glutaminyl cyclase prevents pGlu-Abeta formation after intracortical/hippocampal microinjection in vivo/in situ.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20080801

• Prothyrotropin-releasing hormone targets its processing products to different vesicles of the secretory pathway.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20080718

• Amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein: evidence of a pivotal role of glutaminyl cyclase in generation of pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta.

  Biochemistry 20080715

• Heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies.

  Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 20080701

• Increased metal tolerance in Salix by nicotinamide and nicotinic acid.

  Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB 20080701

• Analysis of glutamine, glutamate, pyroglutamate, and GABA in cerebrospinal fluid using ion pairing HPLC with positive electrospray LC/MS/MS.

  Journal of neuroscience methods 20080630

• Preparation and brain delivery property of biodegradable polymersomes conjugated with OX26.

  Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 20080604

• Vascular oxidative stress and nitric oxide depletion in HIV-1 transgenic rats are reversed by glutathione restoration.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20080601

• High throughput screening of bradykinin-potentiating peptides in Bothrops moojeni snake venom using precursor ion mass spectrometry.

  Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology 20080601

• Neurokinin-3 peptide instead of neurokinin-1 synergistically exacerbates kainic acid-inducing degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra of mice.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20080401

• Identification of putative crustacean neuropeptides using in silico analyses of publicly accessible expressed sequence tags.

  General and comparative endocrinology 20080401

• Structure of acostatin, a dimeric disintegrin from Southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix), at 1.7 A resolution.

  Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 20080401

• Opposing effects of dietary protein and sugar regulate a transcriptional target of Drosophila insulin-like peptide signaling.

  Cell metabolism 20080401

• Rapid action of estrogens on intracellular calcium oscillations in primate luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-1 neurons.

  Endocrinology 20080301

• Developmental regulation and functions of the expression of the neuropeptide corazonin in Drosophila melanogaster.

  Cell and tissue research 20080301

• A double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  Critical care medicine 20080301

• Differential response of TRHergic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in female animals submitted to food-restriction or dehydration-induced anorexia and cold exposure.

  Hormones and behavior 20080201

• Comparison of insect kinin analogs with cis-peptide bond, type VI-turn motifs identifies optimal stereochemistry for interaction with a recombinant arthropod kinin receptor from the southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus.

  Peptides 20080201

• Localization and thiol dependancy of endogenous nitro compounds-mediating urethral photo-relaxation.

  Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 20080101

• Phase I study of magnesium pidolate in combination with hydroxycarbamide for children with sickle cell anaemia.

  British journal of haematology 20080101

• Investigation of a wide spectrum of inherited metabolic disorders by 13C NMR spectroscopy.

  Acta biochimica Polonica 20080101

• Differentiation of Sclerotinia minor depends on thiol redox state and oxidative stress.

  Canadian journal of microbiology 20080101

• [Effects of an antiischemic drug combination and nimodipine on cerebral blood supply in a hemorrhagic stroke model in rats].

  Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia 20080101

• Contractile effect of tachykinins on Suncus murinus (house musk shrew) isolated ileum.

  Neuropeptides 20080101

• [Chemical constituents of Changium smyrnioides].

  Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials 20080101

• Henoch-Schönlein purpura associated with pidotimod therapy.

  Clinical and experimental rheumatology 20080101

• Oxidant-induced atrogin-1 and transforming growth factor-beta1 precede alcohol-related myopathy in rats.

  Muscle & nerve 20071201

• Analysis of time-related metabolic fluctuations induced by ethionine in the rat.

  Journal of proteome research 20071201

• Identification of small molecules from human embryonic stem cells using metabolomics.

  Stem cells and development 20071201

• [Pyroglutamic acidemia associated with acetaminophen].

  Anales de pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003) 20071201

• Diastereoselective synthesis of glutamate-appended oxolane rings: synthesis of (s)-(+)-lycoperdic acid.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20071123

• Cytotoxicity of formaldehyde on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels.

  Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials 20071101

• Mass spectrometric identification of pyroglutamic acid in peptides following selective hydrolysis.

  Analytical biochemistry 20071101

• Cold exposure increases the biosynthesis and proteolytic processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus via beta-adrenoreceptors.

  Endocrinology 20071001

• The ameliorative effect of cysteine prodrug L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

  Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 20071001

• Isolation and characterization of glutaminyl cyclases from Drosophila: evidence for enzyme forms with different subcellular localization.

  Biochemistry 20070925

• Adipokinetic hormone-induced enhancement of antioxidant capacity of Pyrrhocoris apterus hemolymph in response to oxidative stress.

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP 20070901

• Profound metabolic acidosis and oxoprolinuria in an adult.

  Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology 20070901

• Combined metadoxine and garlic oil treatment efficaciously abrogates alcoholic steatosis and CYP2E1 induction in rat liver with restoration of AMPK activity.

  Chemico-biological interactions 20070830

• Sequencing of T-superfamily conotoxins from Conus virgo: pyroglutamic acid identification and disulfide arrangement by MALDI mass spectrometry.

  Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 20070801

• Alveolar type II cells from ethanol-fed rats produce a fibronectin-enriched extracellular matrix that promotes monocyte activation.

  Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 20070801

• High anion gap metabolic acidosis secondary to pyroglutamic aciduria (5-oxoprolinuria): association with prescription drugs and malnutrition.

  Annals of clinical biochemistry 20070701

• Water scorpions (Heteroptera, Nepidae) and giant water bugs (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae): sources of new members of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone family.

  Peptides 20070701

• Crystal structures of two Bordetella pertussis periplasmic receptors contribute to defining a novel pyroglutamic acid binding DctP subfamily.

  Journal of molecular biology 20070629

• Therapy and clinical trials.

  Current opinion in lipidology 20070601

• Structure-based drug design of pyrrolidine-1, 2-dicarboxamides as a novel series of orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitors.

  Chemical biology & drug design 20070601

• Magnesium as a preventive treatment for paediatric episodic tension-type headache: results at 1-year follow-up.

  Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 20070601

• Inhibitory effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the step-through passive avoidance performance in mice treated with NC-1900, an arginine-vasopressin fragment analog.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20070601

• Expeditious access to unprotected racemic pyroglutamic acids.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20070511

• Oxidative folding and N-terminal cyclization of onconase.

  Biochemistry 20070508

• Is the titer of adipokinetic peptides in Leptinotarsa decemlineata fed on genetically modified potatoes increased by oxidative stress?

  Peptides 20070501

• A novel two-domain architecture within the amino acid kinase enzyme family revealed by the crystal structure of Escherichia coli glutamate 5-kinase.

  Journal of molecular biology 20070413

• Quantification of urinary zwitterionic organic acids using weak-anion exchange chromatography with tandem MS detection.

  Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 20070401

• Effects of a bacterial lipid byproduct on human pulp fibroblasts in vitro.

  Journal of endodontics 20070401

• Adipokines in children with sleep disordered breathing.

  Sleep 20070401

• Effect of NC-1900, an active fragment analog of arginine vasopressin, and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on performance of a passive avoidance task in mice.

  European journal of pharmacology 20070329

• Evidence for interplay between thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its structural analogue pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 ([Glu2]TRH) in the brain: an in vivo microdialysis study.

  Neuroscience letters 20070319

• Structure design of multifunctional furoate and pyroglutamate esters of dextran by polymer-analogous reactions.

  Macromolecular bioscience 20070308

• A novel adipokinetic peptide in a water boatman (Heteroptera, Corixidae) and its bioanalogue in a saucer bug (Heteroptera, Naucoridae).

  Peptides 20070301

• 5-Oxoproline reduces non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in vitro in rat brain.

  Metabolic brain disease 20070301

• Effect of immunisation against gonadotrophin releasing hormone isoforms (mammalian GnRH-I, chicken GnRH-II and lamprey GnRH-III) on murine spermatogenesis.

  Vaccine 20070301

• Oxidative stress contributes to accelerated development of the senescent phenotype in human peritoneal mesothelial cells exposed to high glucose.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20070301

• Calcium movements during pigment aggregation in freshwater shrimp chromatophores.

  Pigment cell research 20070201

• Isolation and characterization of the glutaminyl cyclases from Solanum tuberosum and Arabidopsis thaliana: implications for physiological functions.

  Biological chemistry 20070201

• Pharmacokinetics of metadoxine for injection after repeated doses in healthy volunteers.

  Chinese medical journal 20070120

• An analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced toxicity in fetal rat hippocampal neurons in vitro.

  Brain research 20070112

• Cellular colocalization and coregulation between hypothalamic pro-TRH and prohormone convertases in hypothyroidism.

  American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 20070101

• Modifications of the pyroglutamic acid and histidine residues in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) yield analogs with selectivity for TRH receptor type 2 over type 1.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20070101

• Comparison of insect kinin analogs with cis-peptide bond motif 4-aminopyroglutamate identifies optimal stereochemistry for diuretic activity.

  Biopolymers 20070101

• Artificial elevation of glutathione affects symptom development in ZYMV-infected Cucurbita pepo L. plants.

  Archives of virology 20070101

• Structure-activity relationships for in vitro diuretic activity of CAP2b in the housefly.

  Peptides 20070101

• Urticaria due to calcium pidolate.

  Allergologia et immunopathologia 20070101

• Combinatorial solution-phase synthesis of (2S,4S)-4-acylamino-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamides.

  Journal of combinatorial chemistry 20070101

• Inborn errors in the metabolism of glutathione.

  Orphanet journal of rare diseases 20070101

• Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in a glutathione synthetase-deficient patient.

  The Turkish journal of pediatrics 20070101

• A semi-quantitative GeLC-MS analysis of temporal proteome expression in the emerging nosocomial pathogen Ochrobactrum anthropi.

  Genome biology 20070101

• Hair and amino acids: the interactions and the effects.

  Journal of cosmetic science 20070101

• Circadian rhythms of TRH-like peptide levels in rat brain.

  Brain research 20061213

• Brainstem thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulates food intake through vagal-dependent cholinergic stimulation of ghrelin secretion.

  Endocrinology 20061201

• Efficient asymmetric synthesis of novel 4-substituted and configurationally stable analogues of thalidomide.

  Organic letters 20061123

• Is lGnRH-III the most potent GnRH analog containing only natural amino acids that specifically inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells?

  Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society 20061101

• Unfolding of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains is required for the enzymatic removal of N-terminal pyroglutamyl residues.

  Biochimica et biophysica acta 20061101

• Psychoneuroendocrinology of anorexia nervosa.

  Psychoneuroendocrinology 20061101

• On the seeding and oligomerization of pGlu-amyloid peptides (in vitro).

  Biochemistry 20061017

• Investigation of N-terminal glutamate cyclization of recombinant monoclonal antibody in formulation development.

  Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20061011

• Improvement of cationic albumin conjugated pegylated nanoparticles holding NC-1900, a vasopressin fragment analog, in memory deficits induced by scopolamine in mice.

  Behavioural brain research 20061002

• Inhibition of glutaminyl cyclase alters pyroglutamate formation in mammalian cells.

  Biochimica et biophysica acta 20061001

• Effects of the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and of the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 on the composition of organic acids and sugars in tomato root exudate.

  Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI 20061001

• Endocrine control of TAG lipase in the fat body of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria.

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20061001

• Occurrence of the free and Peptide forms of pyroglutamic acid in plasma from the portal blood of rats that had ingested a wheat gluten hydrolysate containing pyroglutamyl peptides.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20060920

• Prostanoids contribute to cutaneous active vasodilation in humans.

  American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20060901

• An unusual cause of severe metabolic acidosis.

  The Medical journal of Australia 20060821

• Pyroglutamate stimulates Na+ -dependent glutamate transport across the blood-brain barrier.

  FEBS letters 20060807

• Cytomodulation of interleukin-2 effect by L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate on human malignant melanoma.

  Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 20060801

• Protective role of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in cisplatin-induced renal injury.

  Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 20060801

• Persistent 5-oxoprolinuria with normal glutathione synthase and 5-oxoprolinase activities.

  Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20060801

• Homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis of pyroglutamyl peptidase II. Insights into omega-versus aminopeptidase specificity in the M1 family.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20060707

• Identification of dopamine, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-I, and vasoactive intestinal peptide neurones activated by electrical stimulation to the medial preoptic area of the turkey hypothalamus: a potential reproductive neuroendocrine circuit.

  Journal of neuroendocrinology 20060701

• The role of tachykinins in circular muscle contractility of the murine ileum: a functional investigation.

  Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20060630

• An antioxidant modulates expression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB in asthma.

  Experimental & molecular medicine 20060630

• Capillary electrophoresis for caffeine and pyroglutamate determination in coffees study of the in vivo effect on learning and locomotor activity in mice.

  Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20060616

• Integrated metabonomic analysis of bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity: novel induction of 5-oxoprolinosis.

  Journal of proteome research 20060601

• Hydrolytic cleavage of pyroglutamyl-peptide bond. V. selective removal of pyroglutamic acid from biologically active pyroglutamylpeptides in high concentrations of aqueous methanesulfonic acid.

  Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 20060601

• Estrogen receptors alpha and beta differentially regulate the transcriptional activity of the Urocortin gene.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20060503

• Liver adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-alpha2 catalytic subunit is a key target for the control of hepatic glucose production by adiponectin and leptin but not insulin.

  Endocrinology 20060501

• Discordant gene expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes: effect of interleukin-6 infusion.

  Diabetologia 20060501

• Blood glucose lowering by means of lifestyle intervention has different effects on adipokines as compared with insulin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetologia 20060501

• Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.

  Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 20060501

• Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis as a result of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid): a role for acetaminophen.

  Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 20060501

• Investigation of a route to ibotenic acid analogues via a reduced pyroglutamate template.

  Organic & biomolecular chemistry 20060421

• Differential receptor activation by cockroach adipokinetic hormones produces differential effects on ion currents, neuronal activity, and locomotion.

  Journal of neurophysiology 20060401

• Pathophysiologically based drug treatment of sickle cell disease.

  Trends in pharmacological sciences 20060401

• Regulation of nicotine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in human gingival fibroblasts.

  Acta pharmacologica Sinica 20060401

• Formation of pyroglutamic acid from N-terminal glutamic acid in immunoglobulin gamma antibodies.

  Analytical chemistry 20060401

• Red pigment concentrating hormone strongly enhances the strength of the feedback to the pyloric rhythm oscillator but has little effect on pyloric rhythm period.

  Journal of neurophysiology 20060301

• The detection of red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) in crustacean eyestalk tissues using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry: [M + Na]+ ion formation in dried droplet tissue preparations.

  Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS 20060301

• CFSUM1 and CFSUM2 in urine from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome are methodological artefacts.

  Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 20060201

• Impaired activity of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in nephropathic cystinosis fibroblasts.

  Pediatric research 20060201

• Antioxidants as novel agents for asthma.

  Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 20060201

• Roles of N-terminal pyroglutamate in maintaining structural integrity and pKa values of catalytic histidine residues in bullfrog ribonuclease 3.

  Journal of molecular biology 20060120

• Disruption of disulfide bond formation alters the trafficking of prothyrotropin releasing hormone (proTRH)-derived peptides.

  Regulatory peptides 20060115

• Anatomy of the Hesse photoreceptor cell axonal system in the central nervous system of amphioxus.

  The Journal of comparative neurology 20060101

• New AZT conjugates as potent anti-HIV agents.

  Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids 20060101

• [Correlations of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combined preparation containing pyrrolidone and pyroglutamic acid].

  Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia 20060101

• Unmeasured anions in metabolic acidosis: unravelling the mystery.

  Critical care (London, England) 20060101

• Day-night differences in membrane-bound pyroglutamyl-2-naphthylamide-hydrolyzing activity in rat hypothalamus, pituitary, and retina.

  Chronobiology international 20060101

• Effect of pyrrolidone-pyroglutamic acid composition on blood flow in rat middle cerebral artery.

  Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20060101

• Effects of glutathione supplementation during peritoneal dialysis.

  Advances in peritoneal dialysis. Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis 20060101

• Flight fuel and neuropeptidergic control of fuel mobilisation in the twig wilter, Holopterna alata (Hemiptera, Coreidae).

  Journal of insect physiology 20060101

• [AMPK, an active player in the control of metabolism].

  Journal de la Societe de biologie 20060101

• A follow up study on the efficacy of metadoxine in the treatment of alcohol dependence.

  Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy 20060101

• [Clinical trials of new therapeutic pharmacology for sickle cell disease].

  Sante (Montrouge, France) 20060101

• Altered glucose and insulin responses to brain medullary thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced autonomic activation in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

  Endocrinology 20051201

• Molecular mechanisms during sperm capacitation.

  Human fertility (Cambridge, England) 20051201

• Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach.

  Magnesium research 20051201

• [Adipocytokins, obesity and development of type 2 diabetes].

  Medecine sciences : M/S 20051201

• An efficient synthesis of the constrained peptidomimetic 2-oxo-3-(N-9-fluorenyloxycarbonylamino)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-9-carboxylic acid from pyroglutamic acid.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20051125

• [The therapeutic effect of metadoxine on alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis].

  Orvosi hetilap 20051120

• Michael addition reactions between chiral equivalents of a nucleophilic glycine and (S)- or (R)-3-[(E)-enoyl]-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones as a general method for efficient preparation of beta-substituted pyroglutamic acids. Case of topographically controlled stereoselectivity.

  Journal of the American Chemical Society 20051102

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the dorsal vagal complex stimulates pancreatic blood flow in rats.

  Regulatory peptides 20051101

• A prodrug of cysteine, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, regulates vascular permeability by reducing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in asthma.

  Molecular pharmacology 20051101

• Virucidal hand treatments for prevention of rhinovirus infection.

  The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 20051101

• Intrathecally-administered histamine facilitates nociception through tachykinin NK1 and histamine H1 receptors: a study in histidine decarboxylase gene knockout mice.

  European journal of pharmacology 20051017

• Firing pattern and rapid modulation of activity by estrogen in primate luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-1 neurons.

  Endocrinology 20051001

• [Studies on chemical constituents in leaf of Isatis indigotica].

  Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 20051001

• Functional characterisation of tachykinin receptors in the circular muscle layer of the mouse ileum.

  Regulatory peptides 20050915

• Central thyrotropin-releasing hormone increases hepatic cyclic AMP through vagal-cholinergic and prostaglandin-dependent pathways in rats.

  Peptides 20050901

• Role of gastric mast cells in the regulation of central TRH analog-induced hyperemia in rats.

  Peptides 20050901

• NC-1900, an arginine-vasopressin analogue, ameliorates social behavior deficits and hyperlocomotion in MK-801-treated rats: therapeutic implications for schizophrenia.

  Brain research 20050816

• Stereoselective synthesis of conformationally constrained omega-amino acid analogues from pyroglutamic acid.

  Organic & biomolecular chemistry 20050807

• Formation of extracellular glutamate from glutamine: exclusion of pyroglutamate as an intermediate.

  Brain research 20050802

• Factor XIa dimer in the activation of factor IX.

  Biochemistry 20050802

• Effect of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists on serotoninergic, noradrenergic and hippocampal neurons: comparison with antidepressant drugs.

  Peptides 20050801

• Neuronal-glial plasticity in gonadotropin-releasing hormone release in adult female rats: role of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule.

  The Journal of endocrinology 20050801

• The removal of pyroglutamic acid from monoclonal antibodies without denaturation of the protein chains.

  Analytical biochemistry 20050701

• Recurrent high anion gap metabolic acidosis secondary to 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid).

  American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 20050701

• Acetaminophen-induced anion gap metabolic acidosis and 5-oxoprolinuria (pyroglutamic aciduria) acquired in hospital.

  American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 20050701

• Aldosterone inhibits uncoupling protein-1, induces insulin resistance, and stimulates proinflammatory adipokines in adipocytes.

  Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20050701

• Total synthesis of cyclic tetrapeptide FR235222, a potent immunosuppressant that inhibits mammalian histone deacetylases.

  Organic letters 20050623

• Substance P does not play a critical role in neurogenic inflammation in the rat masseter muscle.

  Brain research 20050614

• Modulatory effect of glutathione status and antioxidants on methylmercury-induced free radical formation in primary cultures of cerebral astrocytes.

  Brain research. Molecular brain research 20050613

• Urinary tract infection in children.

  Clinical evidence 20050601

• Synthesis of 3'-deoxy-3'-difluoromethyl azanucleosides from trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20050513

• The newly discovered insect order Mantophasmatodea contains a novel member of the adipokinetic hormone family of peptides.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20050506

• Activation of triacylglycerol lipase in the fat body of a beetle by adipokinetic hormone.

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20050501

• Glutamate antagonists attenuate the action of NC-1900, a vasopressin fragment analog, on passive avoidance task performance in mice.

  Peptides 20050501

• Bromophenols coupled with derivatives of amino acids and nucleosides from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides.

  Journal of natural products 20050501

• Phorbol ester up-regulates aldose reductase expression in A549 cells: a potential role for aldose reductase in cell cycle modulation.

  Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 20050501

• Chronic ethanol or glucose consumption alter TRH content and pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II activity in rat limbic regions.

  Regulatory peptides 20050415

• Alteration of airway neuropeptide expression and development of airway hyperresponsiveness following respiratory syncytial virus infection.

  American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 20050401

• Quantification of cell-cycle distribution and mitotic index in Hydra by flow cytometry.

  Cell proliferation 20050401

• Application of stability-indicating HPTLC method for quantitative determination of metadoxine in pharmaceutical dosage form.

  Farmaco (Societa chimica italiana : 1989) 20050401

• Glutamatergic innervation of corticotropin-releasing hormone- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat.

  Brain research 20050328

• Air-stable Ir-(P-Phos) complex for highly enantioselective hydrogenation of quinolines and their immobilization in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (DMPEG).

  Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 20050321

• Straightforward ring expansion of pyroglutamates to perhydro-1,3-diazepine-2,4-diones.

  Organic letters 20050317

• Gln-tRNAGln formation from Glu-tRNAGln requires cooperation of an asparaginase and a Glu-tRNAGln kinase.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20050304

• Preparation and reactivity of aminoacyl pyroglutamates. Facile synthesis of 10-membered-ring cyclic dipeptides derived from 1,4-diaminobutyric and glutamic acids.

  Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society 20050301

• Importance of the central region of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone III in the inhibition of breast cancer cell growth.

  Peptides 20050301

• Acute administration of alcohol modulates pyroglutamyl amino peptidase II activity and mRNA levels in rat limbic regions.

  Neurochemistry international 20050301

• A pyridinium-substituted analog of the TRH-like tripeptide pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 and its prodrugs as central nervous system agents.

  Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) 20050301

• Degradation, insulin secretion, and antihyperglycemic actions of two palmitate-derivitized N-terminal pyroglutamyl analogues of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.

  Journal of medicinal chemistry 20050224

• Protective effect of central thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

  Regulatory peptides 20050215

• AKH-producing neuroendocrine cell ablation decreases trehalose and induces behavioral changes in Drosophila.

  American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20050201

• Evaluation of early gastric mucosal permeability induced by central thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration.

  American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20050201

• A truncated isoform of pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II produced by exon extension has dominant-negative activity.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20050201

• Magnesium as a treatment for paediatric tension-type headache: a clinical replication series.

  Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 20050201

• First messenger regulation of mammalian sperm function via adenylyl cyclase/cAMP.

  The Journal of reproduction and development 20050201

• Severe hyperhomocysteinaemia and 5-oxoprolinuria secondary to antiproliferative and antimicrobial drug treatment.

  Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20050101

• Trial of erythropoietin treatment in a boy with glutathione synthetase deficiency.

  Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20050101

• [Role of metadoxyl in the treatment of the hepatotoxic effects of cytostatics].

  Voprosy onkologii 20050101

• An active insect kinin analog with 4-aminopyroglutamate, a novel cis-peptide bond, type VI beta-turn motif.

  Biopolymers 20041205

• Infusion of the substance P analogue, DiMe-C7, into the ventral tegmental area induces reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour in rats.

  Psychopharmacology 20041201

• Blockade of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma by a prodrug of cysteine, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

  FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20041201

• L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reduces in vitro cytotoxicity of glucose degradation products.

  Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 20041201

• Endopeptidase activity of larval Lacanobia oleracea corpus allatum: metabolism of Manduca sexta allatostatin and allatotropin.

  Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 20041201

• [Gluthathion synthetase deficit in a newborn infant].

  Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie 20041101

• Regulation of interleukin-6 expression by arecoline in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts is related to intracellular glutathione levels.

  Oral diseases 20041101

• Diastereoselective syntheses of deoxydysibetaine, dysibetaine, and its 4-epimer.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20041029

• Alpha-tocopherol pro-vitamins: synthesis, hydrolysis and accumulation in rabbit ear skin.

  Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 20041019

• Further evidence on the anxiogenic-like effect of substance P evaluated in the elevated plus-maze in rats.

  Behavioural brain research 20041005

• Sequence and expression of the CAPA/CAP2b gene in the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta.

  The Journal of experimental biology 20041001

• Conserved mechanisms of glucose sensing and regulation by Drosophila corpora cardiaca cells.

  Nature 20040916

• Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: its antitumor and antimetastatic actions.

  Cancer science 20040901

• Pyroglutamyl-asparagine amide normalizes long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices.

  Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20040801

• Virtually complete control of simple and face diastereoselectivity in the Michael addition reactions between achiral equivalents of a nucleophilic glycine and (S)- or (R)-3-(E-enoyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones: practical method for preparation of beta-substituted pyroglutamic acids and prolines.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20040723

• [Antioxidants in liver protection].

  Orvosi hetilap 20040704

• Facilitative effect of a novel AVP fragment analog, NC-1900, on memory retention and recall in mice.

  Peptides 20040701

• 15Alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in male sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L.

  Steroids 20040701

• [Study on the mechanism of male reproductive toxicity of metadoxine in mice and rats].

  Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 20040701

• Circadian rhythm of pigment migration induced by chromatrophorotropins in melanophores of the crab Chasmagnathus granulata.

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology 20040701

• Preventive effect of antioxidants in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

  Neuroscience letters 20040617

• Allosteric modification of factor XIa functional activity upon binding to polyanions.

  Biochemistry 20040615

• Placebo-controlled evaluation of four novel compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

  The American journal of psychiatry 20040601

• Effect of pretraining administration of NC-1900, a vasopressin fragment analog, on memory performance in non- or CO2-amnesic mice.

  Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 20040601

• GABAergic basal forebrain neurons that express receptor for neurokinin B and send axons to the cerebral cortex.

  The Journal of comparative neurology 20040517

• Spawning and gamete follicle rupture in the cnidarian Renilla koellikeri: effects of putative neurohormones.

  General and comparative endocrinology 20040515

• Hemolymph sugar homeostasis and starvation-induced hyperactivity affected by genetic manipulations of the adipokinetic hormone-encoding gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

  Genetics 20040501

• Origin of diastereoselection in the hydrosilylation of chiral N-acyliminium intermediates derived from pyroglutamic acid.

  Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 20040426

• Application of intramolecular enyne metathesis to the synthesis of aza[4.2.1]bicyclics: enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-anatoxin-a.

  Organic letters 20040415

• 15alpha-hydroxytestosterone induction by GnRH I and GnRH III in Atlantic and Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.).

  General and comparative endocrinology 20040401

• The first total synthesis of a pyranonaphthoquinone antitumor, BE-54238B.

  The Journal of antibiotics 20040401

• Central administration of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript increases phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein in corticotropin-releasing hormone-producing neurons but not in prothyrotropin-releasing hormone-producing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

  Brain research 20040305

• Unexplained metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients: the role of pyroglutamic acid.

  Intensive care medicine 20040301

• Bovine 5-oxo-L-prolinase: simple assay method, purification, cDNA cloning, and detection of mRNA in the coronary artery.

  Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20040301

• Human sperm responses to calcitonin, angiotensin II and fertilization-promoting peptide in prepared semen samples from normal donors and infertility patients.

  Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 20040301

• N-terminal His(7)-modification of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide generates dipeptidyl peptidase IV-stable analogues with potent antihyperglycaemic activity.

  The Journal of endocrinology 20040301

• Stabilization of peptide guinea pig myelin basic protein 72-85 by N-terminal acetylation-implications for immunological studies.

  Molecular immunology 20040201

• Toward the synthesis of pyroglutamate lauroyl ester: biocatalysis versus chemical catalysis.

  Biotechnology letters 20040201

• Purification of a specific inhibitor of pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II from the marine annelide Hermodice carunculata. in vivo effects in rodent brain.

  The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 20040101

• Regulation of intermediary metabolism and water balance of insects by neuropeptides.

  Annual review of entomology 20040101

• Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I, as a drug metabolizing enzyme, recognizes xenobiotic substrates containing L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

  Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20040101

• Stimulatory effect of PG-KII, an NK3 tachykinin receptor agonist, on isolated pancreatic acini: species-related differences.

  Peptides 20040101

• Catalytic hydrogenation of glutamic acid.

  Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 20040101

• Evidence that lamprey GnRH-III does not release FSH selectively in cattle.

  Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 20040101

• A newborn infant with generalized glutathione synthetase deficiency.

  The Turkish journal of pediatrics 20040101

• The colon mitosis inhibitor pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine inhibits growth of non-tumorigenic colonic epithelial cells.

  Anticancer research 20040101

• Immune modulator pidotimod decreases the in vitro expression of CD30 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic asthmatic and normal children.

  The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 20040101

• Pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine, the endogenous colon mitosis inhibitor, regulates cyclic AMP level in non-tumorigenic colonic epithelial cells.

  Anticancer research 20040101

• [Antioxidants-induced rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton in 3T3 and 3T3-SV40 fibroblasts].

  Tsitologiia 20040101

• 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine reduces efficiency of mRNA knockdown by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: a study with pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II in adenohypophysis.

  Oligonucleotides 20040101

• Pressure/temperature combined treatments of precursors yield hormone-like peptides with pyroglutamate at the N terminus.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20031231

• Magnesium supplementation does not delay disease onset or increase survival in a mouse model of familial ALS.

  Journal of the neurological sciences 20031215

• First messenger regulation of capacitation via G protein-coupled mechanisms: a tale of serendipity and discovery.

  Molecular human reproduction 20031201

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the dorsal vagal complex stimulates hepatic blood flow in rats.

  Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20031201

• Sickle cell disease: from membrane pathophysiology to novel therapies for prevention of erythrocyte dehydration.

  Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 20031201

• Characterization of a circulating N-extended form of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like peptide pGlu-Glu-Pro amide in human plasma.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20031201

• Substrate specificity of glutaminyl cyclases from plants and animals.

  Biological chemistry 20031201

• Effect of chirality on the structural behaviour of hydrogen-bonded n-alkylammonium pyroglutamates in the crystalline and smectic state.

  Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 20031107

• Glucose acts in the CNS to regulate gastric motility during hypoglycemia.

  American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20031101

• Hydrolysis of synthetic substrate, L-pyroglutamyl p-nitroanilide is catalyzed solely by pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I in rat liver cytosol.

  Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20031101

• Chemoselective nucleophilic attack on N-acyl derivatives of (S)-ethyl 4,4-dimethyl pyroglutamate (DMPG).

  Organic letters 20031016

• Involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide and capsaicin-sensitive afferents in central thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced hepatic cytoprotection.

  European journal of pharmacology 20031008

• Adipokinetic hormone inhibits the formation of energy stores and egg production in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 20031001

• Intracellular mediators of granulysin-induced cell death.

  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20030901

• Peristalsis regulation by tachykinin NK1 receptors in the rabbit isolated distal colon.

  American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20030801

• Fibrosis and glycogen stores depletion induced by prolonged biliary obstruction in the rat are ameliorated by metadoxine.

  Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 20030801

• Pyrrolidinones derived from (S)-pyroglutamic acid: penmacric acid and analogues.

  Organic & biomolecular chemistry 20030707

• Protective effect of central thyrotropin-releasing hormone on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatocellular necrosis in rats.

  Journal of hepatology 20030701

• Effect of pyroglutamylasparagine amide on plastic characteristics of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.

  Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20030701

• L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate supplementation in murine gamma-GT deficiency.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20030601

• Mode of action of neuropeptides from the adipokinetic hormone family.

  General and comparative endocrinology 20030601

• Relationship between gluconeogenesis and glutathione redox state in rabbit kidney-cortex tubules.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20030601

• Comparison of structure-activity relations of corazonin using two different bioassay systems.

  Peptides 20030601

• Intravenous urocortin II decreases blood pressure through CRF(2) receptor in rats.

  Regulatory peptides 20030515

• Synthesis of cis-4-trifluoromethyl- and cis-4-difluoromethyl-l-pyroglutamic acids.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20030502

• [Reproductive toxicity of metadoxine in rats].

  Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 20030501

• [Oleyl pyroglutamate for use as transdermal enhancer and its enhancing mechanism].

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 20030501

• Inhibitory effect of L-pyroglutamate on extremophiles: correlation with growth temperature and pH.

  FEMS microbiology letters 20030425

• Central administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and related peptides inhibits feeding behavior in the Siberian hamster.

  Neuroreport 20030415

• Intravenous glucose infusion decreases intracisternal thyrotropin-releasing hormone induced vagal stimulation of gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats.

  Neuroscience letters 20030403

• Oxothiazolidine carboxylate provides protection against hepatocellular injury seen after porta hepatis occlusion (Pringle maneuver) under hypovolemic conditions.

  World journal of surgery 20030401

• [Advances in modulation of mammalian sperm function by fertilization promoting peptide].

  Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 20030401

• Biologic activity of the tachykinins on lamb and sheep gallbladder.

  Peptides 20030401

• Determination of the post-translational modifications of salivary acidic proline-rich proteins.

  European journal of morphology 20030401

• Prodrugs to enhance central nervous system effects of the TRH-like peptide pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20030324

• Synthesis and reactions of a novel 3,4-didehydropyroglutamate derivative.

  Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 20030321

• Development and conformational analysis of a pseudoproline-containing turn mimic.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20030307

• The up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline: a possible role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis.

  Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 20030301

• In vitro metabolism of an insect neuropeptide by homogenates of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

  Journal of helminthology 20030301

• Reinvestigation of the proposed folding and self-association of the Neuropeptide Head Activator.

  Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 20030301

• Ameliorative effect of NC-1900, a new AVP4-9 analog, through vasopressin V1A receptor on scopolamine-induced impairments of spatial memory in the eight-arm radial maze.

  Neuropharmacology 20030301

• Lafutidine increases hepatic blood flow via potentiating the action of central thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rats.

  Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 20030201

• Induction of c-fos expression by nicotine in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts is related to cellular thiol levels.

  Journal of periodontal research 20030201

• Intrathecal histamine induces spinally mediated behavioral responses through tachykinin NK1 receptors.

  Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 20030101

• Central administration of neuropeptide Y reduces alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons and increases CREB phosphorylation in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

  Endocrinology 20030101

• Deblocking of N-terminally modified proteins.

  Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 20030101

• Isolation and identification of indigestible pyroglutamyl peptides in an enzymatic hydrolysate of wheat gluten prepared on an industrial scale.

  Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20030101

• Effects of fertilization promoting peptide, adenosine, and pentoxifylline on thawed human sperm.

  Archives of andrology 20030101

• Metabolism of the calcium and bioavailability of the salts of most frequent use.

  Bollettino chimico farmaceutico 20030101

• [Neuroprotective properties of pyroglutamic acid in combination with pyrrolidone].

  Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia 20030101

• [Effect of agents changing the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species on the cell cycle phase distribution in 3T3 and 3T3SV40 cell lines].

  Tsitologiia 20030101

• The colon mitosis-inhibitor pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine alters expression of immediate-early cancer-related genes in HT-29 cells.

  Anticancer research 20030101

• [Neuroprotective and cerebrovascular effects of GABA mimetics].

  Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia 20030101

• Glucose-induced changes in the phenotype of human peritoneal mesothelial cells: effect of L-2-oxothiazolidine carboxylic acid.

  American journal of nephrology 20030101

• Metadoxine in the treatment of acute and chronic alcoholism: a review.

  International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology 20030101

• [Therapy with cytokines and thymic factors in a complicated case of common variable immunodeficiency].

  Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 20030101

• A new approach to drug therapy in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

  The Journal of international medical research 20030101

• [The correlation of tolerance to cerebral ischemia and body temperature with glutathione concentration].

  Biomeditsinskaia khimiia 20030101

• Cocaine regulates TRH-related peptides in rat brain.

  Neurochemistry international 20021201

• The role of Ins(1,4,5)P(3) in signal transduction of the metabolic neuropeptide Mem-CC in the cetoniid beetle, Pachnoda sinuata.

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20021201

• Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of trans-3,4-conformationally-restricted glutamate and pyroglutamate analogues as novel EAAT2 inhibitors.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20021104

• Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system.

  Cell 20021101

• Sensitivity of larval and adult crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) to adipokinetic hormone.

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology 20021101

• Neuropharmacodynamic evaluation of the centrally active thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue [Leu2]TRH and its chemical brain-targeting system.

  Brain research 20021018

• Lamprey GnRH-III acts on its putative receptor via nitric oxide to release follicle-stimulating hormone specifically.

  Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20021001

• Activation of raphe pallidus neurons increases insulin through medullary thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-vagal pathways.

  Pancreas 20021001

• Production of pyroglutamic acid by thermophilic lactic acid bacteria in hard-cooked mini-cheeses.

  Journal of dairy science 20021001

• In vivo monitoring of hepatic glutathione in anesthetized rats by 13C NMR.

  Magnetic resonance in medicine 20020901

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulates the diurnal variation of pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II activity in the male rat adenohypophysis.

  European journal of endocrinology 20020901

• Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid beta-peptides--AbetaN3(pE)--strongly affect cultured neuron and astrocyte survival.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20020901

• Inhibition of aldose reductase enhances HeLa cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs and involves activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases.

  Anti-cancer drugs 20020901

• Clinical evaluation and changes of the respiratory epithelium function after administration of Pidotimod in Greek children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

  Minerva pediatrica 20020801

• Transmitting the signal of excess nitrogen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the Tor proteins to the GATA factors: connecting the dots.

  FEMS microbiology reviews 20020801

• Effects of dietary cholesterol on pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase activity in mouse frontal cortex, pituitary, and adrenal glands.

  Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20020801

• Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of nicotine in human periodontal ligament fibroblast cultures in vitro.

  Journal of periodontal research 20020801

• Effect of a fertilization-promoting peptide on the fertilizing ability and glycosidase activity in vitro of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the pig.

  Animal reproduction science 20020715

• Generation of amyloid beta peptide with pyroglutamate at position 3 in primary cortical neurons.

  Neuroscience letters 20020712

• Determination of the absolute configuration of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid and 5-oxoproline in urine samples by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in the presence of chiral lanthanide complexes.

  Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20020615

• Pharmacologically distinct binding sites in rat brain for [3H]thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and [3H][3-methyl-histidine(2)]TRH.

  Biochemical pharmacology 20020615

• Stereoselective total syntheses of the racemic form and the natural enantiomer of the marine alkaloid lepadiformine via a novel N-acyliminium ion/allylsilane spirocyclization strategy.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20020614

• Spinal nociceptin inhibits septide but not N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced nociceptive behavior in rats.

  European journal of pharmacology 20020607

• Pseudopeptide foldamers: the homo-oligomers of pyroglutamic acid.

  Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 20020603

• A possible molecular ancestor for mollusk APGWamide, insect adipokinetic hormone, and crustacean red pigment concentrating hormone.

  Journal of molecular evolution 20020601

• Determinants of the inhibition of a Taiwan habu venom metalloproteinase by its endogenous inhibitors revealed by X-ray crystallography and synthetic inhibitor analogues.

  European journal of biochemistry 20020601

• Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel pyroglutamyl-modified TRH analogue.

  Farmaco (Societa chimica italiana : 1989) 20020601

• Allatostatins of the tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Crustacea: Penaeidea).

  Peptides 20020601

• Ablation of insulin-producing neurons in flies: growth and diabetic phenotypes.

  Science (New York, N.Y.) 20020510

• Role of TRH receptors as possible mediators of analeptic actions of TRH-like peptides.

  Brain research 20020510

• Beetles' choice--proline for energy output: control by AKHs.

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 20020501

• Selective tachykinin NK3-receptor agonists stimulate in vitro exocrine pancreatic secretion in the guinea pig.

  Peptides 20020501

• New insights in Adipokinetic Hormone (AKH) precursor processing in Locusta migratoria obtained by capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

  Peptides 20020401

• Dietary fatty acid composition affects aminopeptidase activities in the testes of mice.

  International journal of andrology 20020401

• Inhibition of contact hypersensitivity reaction to picryl chloride: effect of small molecular weight peptidomimetic compounds possessing inhibitory activity against metalloproteinases.

  International immunopharmacology 20020401

• Five- and six-membered ring opening of pyroglutamic diketopiperazine.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20020322

• Facilitation by endogenous tachykinins of the NMDA-evoked release of acetylcholine after acute and chronic suppression of dopaminergic transmission in the matrix of the rat striatum.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20020301

• Metadoxine in acute alcohol intoxication: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

  Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 20020301

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced down-regulation of pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II activity involves L-type calcium channels and cam kinase activities in cultures of adenohypophyseal cells.

  Journal of neuroendocrinology 20020301

• Aminopeptidases in Caenorhabditis elegans and Panagrellus redivivus: detection using peptide and non-peptide substrates.

  Journal of helminthology 20020301

• Antidiabetic effect of a prodrug of cysteine, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, through CD38 dimerization and internalization.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 20020215

• Conformationally restricted TRH analogues: constraining the pyroglutamate region.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20020201

• Plasma L-5-oxoproline kinetics and whole blood glutathione synthesis rates in severely burned adult humans.

  American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 20020201

• L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate reverses the tumour growth-promoting effect of interleukin-2 and improves the anti-tumour efficacy of biochemotherapy in mice bearing B16 melanoma liver metastases.

  Melanoma research 20020201

• Purification and characterization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-degrading serum enzyme and its identification as a product of liver origin.

  European journal of biochemistry 20020201

• In vivo reversal of glutathione deficiency and susceptibility to in vivo dexamethasone-induced apoptosis by N-acetylcysteine and L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, but not ascorbic acid, in thymocytes from gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-deficient knockout mice.

  Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 20020115

• Permissive role of neurokinin NK(3) receptors in NK(1) receptor-mediated activation of the locus coeruleus revealed by SR 142801.

  Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 20020101

• Molecular characterization of the TCP11 gene which is the human homologue of the mouse gene encoding the receptor of fertilization promoting peptide.

  Molecular human reproduction 20020101

• Cellular redox state and endothelial dysfunction in mildly hyperhomocysteinemic cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient mice.

  Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 20020101

• Comparison of the positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectra of some small peptides containing pyroglutamate.

  Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM 20020101

• Rapid determination of underivatized pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and other relevant amino acids in fermentation media by LC-MS-MS.

  The Analyst 20020101

• Efficacy of metadoxine in the management of acute alcohol intoxication.

  The Journal of international medical research 20020101

• [Polar constituents of the ascidia Botryllus schlosseri].

  Bioorganicheskaia khimiia 20020101

• Selective hypersensitivity to pidolate.

  Allergy 20020101

• Early oncogene mRNA expression in HT-29 cells treated with the endogenous colon mitosis inhibitor pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine.

  Anticancer research 20020101

• [Sterility of males determined by functional features of the mouse spermatozoa bearing t-complex].

  Ontogenez 20020101

• [Pidotimod in recurring respiratory infection in children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or both conditions].

  Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 20020101

• [Effect of a drug composition containing pyroglutamic acid and pyrrolidone on the cerebral circulation].

  Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia 20020101

• L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate: an agent that modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis in rats.

  Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 20020101

• Synthesis of ( 2S, 4S)-4-phenylamino-5-oxoproline derivatives.

  Amino acids 20020101

• Lipoic acid and vitamin C potentiate nitric oxide synthesis in human aortic endothelial cells independently of cellular glutathione status.

  Redox report : communications in free radical research 20020101

• Use of sodium borohydride to detect acyl-phosphate linkages in enzyme reactions.

  Methods in enzymology 20020101

• [Glutathione in therapy].

  Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej 20020101

• Methacrylate derivatives incorporating pyroglutamic acid.

  Biomacromolecules 20020101

• [Organic acid disorders: cerebral organic acidemia].

  Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu 20020101

• Electrophilic fluorination of pyroglutamic acid derivatives: application of substrate-dependent reactivity and diastereoselectivity to the synthesis of optically active 4-fluoroglutamic acids.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20011228

• Hormonal stimulation of proline synthesis in the fat body of the fruit beetle, Pachnoda sinuata, is calcium dependent.

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20011201

• In vitro neuroprotection against glutamate-induced toxicity by pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2) (EEP).

  Peptides 20011201

• (L)-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate in the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1.

  BJU international 20011201

• L-pyroglutamic acid inhibits energy production and lipid synthesis in cerebral cortex of young rats in vitro.

  Neurochemical research 20011201

• Efferent projections of ProTRH neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.

  Brain research 20011123

• Metadoxine prevents damage produced by ethanol and acetaldehyde in hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cells in culture.

  Pharmacological research 20011101

• The neuropeptide head activator induces activation and translocation of the growth-factor-regulated Ca(2+)-permeable channel GRC.

  Journal of cell science 20011001

• Synthesis of lipids in the fat body of Gryllus bimaculatus: age-dependency and regulation by adipokinetic hormone.

  Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 20010801

• Modulators with convergent cellular actions elicit distinct circuit outputs.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20010601

• Priming effects of substance P on calcium changes evoked by interleukin-8 in human neutrophils.

  Journal of leukocyte biology 20010601

• Potential antioxidant effects of zinc and chromium supplementation in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20010601

• Massive 5-oxoprolinuria with normal 5-oxoprolinase and glutathione synthetase activities.

  Journal of inherited metabolic disease 20010601

• Red pigment-concentrating hormone induces a calcium-mediated retraction of distal retinal pigments in the crayfish.

  Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology 20010601

• Inhibition of Escherichia coli CTP synthase by glutamate gamma-semialdehyde and the role of the allosteric effector GTP in glutamine hydrolysis.

  The Biochemical journal 20010515

• Intracisternal TRH analog induces Fos expression in gastric myenteric neurons and glia in conscious rats.

  American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20010501

• Removal of N-terminal blocking groups from proteins.

  Current protocols in protein science 20010501

• Effect of high population density environment on skin barrier function in mice.

  Journal of dermatological science 20010401

• Rapid down regulation of pyroglutamyl peptidase II activity by arachidonic acid in primary cultures of adenohypophyseal cells.

  Life sciences 20010316

• Potent cytolytic response by a CD8+ CTL clone to multiple peptides from the same protein in association with an allogeneic class I MHC molecule.

  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20010301

• Calcitonin, angiotensin II and FPP significantly modulate mouse sperm function.

  Molecular human reproduction 20010301

• In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin: noninvasive determination of molecular concentration profiles.

  The Journal of investigative dermatology 20010301

• Monoamine release by neurons of a primitive nervous system: an amperometric study.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20010301

• Conformational study of insect adipokinetic hormones using NMR constrained molecular dynamics.

  Journal of computer-aided molecular design 20010301

• Regulatory responses to an oral D-glutamate load: formation of D-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid in humans.

  American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 20010201

• Angiotensin II is involved in nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo.

  British journal of pharmacology 20010201

• Amino-terminal modification and tyrosine phosphorylation of [corrected] carboxy-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome brain.

  Neurobiology of disease 20010201

• Bone marrow stem cell protection from chemotherapy by low--molecular-weight compounds.

  Experimental hematology 20010201

• Hereditary non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia due to red blood cell glutathione synthetase deficiency in four unrelated patients from Spain: clinical and molecular studies.

  British journal of haematology 20010201

• Model organisms: new insights into ion channel and transporter function. L-type calcium channels regulate epithelial fluid transport in Drosophila melanogaster.

  American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 20010201

• A simultaneous assay method for L-glutamate and L-pyroglutamate contents in soy sauce using a 5-oxoprolinase (without ATP hydrolyzing activity).

  Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 20010201

• Intracellular Mg2+ diffusion within isolated rat skeletal muscle fibers.

  Biophysical chemistry 20010131

• The role of calcium in the activation of glycogen phosphorylase in the fat body of the fruit beetle, Pachnoda sinuata, by hypertrehalosaemic hormone.

  Biochimica et biophysica acta 20010115

• Imide and lactam derivatives of N-benzylpyroglutamyl-L-phenylalanine as VCAM/VLA-4 antagonists.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20010108

• Vagal-enteric interface: vagal activation-induced expression of c-Fos and p-CREB in neurons of the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreas.

  The Anatomical record 20010101

• Promoting glutathione synthesis after spinal cord trauma decreases secondary damage and promotes retention of function.

  FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20010101

• Effects of the calcium release inhibitor dantrolene and the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin on spinal nociception in rats.

  Pharmacology 20010101

• Fertilization promoting peptide--a possible regulator of sperm function in vivo.

  Vitamins and hormones 20010101

• Therapeutic strategies for prevention of sickle cell dehydration.

  Blood cells, molecules & diseases 20010101

• Effect of the hemoregulatory peptide (pEEDCK)2 (pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys)2 and MIP-1alpha is reduced in bone marrow cultures from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

  Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 20010101

• [Metadoxyl in combined treatment of alcohol damage to the liver].

  Klinicheskaia meditsina 20010101

• Survivability of biomolecules during extraterrestrial delivery: new results on pyrolysis of amino acids and poly-amino acids.

  Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) 20010101

• Limited heat-shock protein 72 induction in Caco-2 cells by L-glutamine.

  Digestion 20010101

• Effect of tumour size on the in vivo growth inhibition of human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29) by colon mitosis inhibitor.

  In vivo (Athens, Greece) 20010101

• Control of gonadotropin secretion by follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, and leptin.

  Archives of medical research 20010101

• A novel cis-peptide bond motif inducing beta-turn type VI. The synthesis of enkephalin analogues modified with 4-aminopyroglutamic acid.

  Acta biochimica Polonica 20010101

• A third active AKH is present in the pyrgomorphid grasshoppers Phymateus morbillosus and Dictyophorus spumans.

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20001101

• Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble silver(I) complexes with L-histidine (H2his) and (S)-(-)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (H2pyrrld) showing a wide spectrum of effective antibacterial and antifungal activities. Crystal structures of chiral helical polymers [Ag(Hhis)]n and ([Ag(Hpyrrld)]2)n in the solid state.

  Inorganic chemistry 20000724

• A new member of the AKH/RPCH family that stimulates locomotory activity in the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera).

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 20000601

• Effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate on the cytotoxic activity and toxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice bearing B16F10 melanoma liver metastases.

  Melanoma research 20000401

• Synthesis and in vitro anti-HIV activity in human monocyte-derived macrophages of 2-oxothiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid derivatives.

  Journal of medicinal chemistry 19991118

• The hemoregulatory peptide pEEDCK may inhibit stem cell proliferation via hydropathic binding to antisense sequence motifs in interleukin-11 and other growth factors.

  Molecular pharmacology 19991001

• Tissue-specific regulation of glutathione homeostasis and the activator protein-1 (AP-1) response in the rat conceptus.

  Biochemical pharmacology 19990515

• The growth-inhibiting epidermal pentapeptide, pyroGlu-glu-asp-ser-GlyOH, inhibits growth and alters gene expression in non-transformed NC3H10 and transformed TC3H10 fibroblasts.

  Oncology reports 19990101

• Activated granulocytes oxidize the endogenous stem cell inhibitory peptide pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys (pEEDCK) to the stimulatory dimer: a redox-mediated mechanism for demand-induced hematopoietic regulation.

  Experimental hematology 19980801

• Analogs of Manduca adipokinetic hormone tested in a bioassay and in a receptor-binding assay.

  Peptides 19980101

• Isolation and characterization of Melanoplus sanguinipes adipokinetic hormone: a new member of the AKH/RPCH family.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19971029

• Protective effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate treatment on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats.

  The Journal of urology 19970501

• L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes.

  Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 19970501

• No. 302, a newly synthesized [pGlu4,Cyt6]AVP(4-9) analogue, prevents the disruption of avoidance behavior.

  Behavioural brain research 19970201

• Reduction in the duration of myelotoxicity associated with radioimmunotherapy with infusions of the hemoregulatory peptide, HP5b in mice.

  International journal of cancer 19970127

• Distinct sequences of AKH/RPCH family members in beetle (Scarabaeus-species) corpus cardiacum contain three aromatic amino acid residues.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19970103

• Hyperprolinaemia caused by novel members of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone family of peptides isolated from corpora cardiaca of onitine beetles.

  The Biochemical journal 19970101

• Insect neuropeptide leucopyrokinin analogues--synthesis and antinociceptive effect in rats.

  Polish journal of pharmacology 19970101

• Septide and neurokinin A are high-affinity ligands on the NK-1 receptor: evidence from homologous versus heterologous binding analysis.

  FEBS letters 19961216

• Hydrolytic cleavage of pyroglutamyl-peptide bond. III. A highly selective cleavage in 70% methanesulfonic acid.

  Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 19961101

• Probing the V1a vasopressin receptor binding site with pyroglutamate-substituted linear antagonists.

  Neuropeptides 19960201

• Supplementation with L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a cysteine precursor, does not protect against lipid peroxidation in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephropathy.

  Experimental nephrology 19960101

• Amino acid sequence of CAP2b, an insect cardioacceleratory peptide from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta.

  FEBS letters 19950911

• Primary structure of a novel neuropeptide isolated from the corpora cardiaca of periodical cicadas having adipokinetic and hypertrehalosemic activities.

  Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 19950901

• [A granulopoiesis inhibitor. Synthesis and biological activity].

  Bioorganicheskaia khimiia 19950601

• Inhibitory peptides in hematopoiesis.

  Experimental hematology 19950601

• L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) inhibits expression of the human immunodeficiency virus and expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain.

  Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association 19950201

• Isolation and primary structures of neuropeptides of the AKH/RPCH family from various termite species.

  Peptides 19950101

• Isolation of two AKH-related peptides from cicadas.

  Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 19950101

• Zinc and the mitosis-inhibitory epidermal pentapeptide (EPP) form a stimulatory chelated dimer.

  Archives of dermatological research 19950101

• Biologically active pyroglutamyl N-terminal oligopeptides: parts of larger molecules?

  Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR 19950101

• Regional distribution and immunocytological localization of red pigment concentrating hormone in the crayfish eyestalk.

  General and comparative endocrinology 19940901

• A novel adipokinetic octapeptide found in the damselflies Pseudagrion inconspicuum and Ischnura senegalensis.

  The Biochemical journal 19940901

• Glutathione precursor and antioxidant activities of N-acetylcysteine and oxothiazolidine carboxylate compared in in vitro studies of HIV replication.

  AIDS research and human retroviruses 19940801

• Metamorphosin A: a novel peptide controlling development of the lower metazoan Hydractinia echinata (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa).

  Developmental biology 19940601

• Role of oxygen free radicals in cocaine-induced vascular disruption in mice.

  Teratology 19940301

• A novel peptide in the AKH/RPCH family isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the Emperor dragonfly, Anax imperator.

  Peptides 19940101

• Beta-receptor blockade by propranolol modifies the effect of the inhibitory, endogenous epidermal pentapeptide on epidermal cell flux at the G2-M transition but not at the G1-S transition.

  Epithelial cell biology 19940101

• Moderate enhancement of the promotion phase of skin tumorigenesis in hairless mice by topical pretreatment with a mitosis-inhibiting epidermal pentapeptide.

  Carcinogenesis 19931201

• The neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) increases levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the tentacle retractor muscle of Helix aspersa.

  Experimental physiology 19931101

• Isolation, identification and synthesis of locustapyrokinin II from Locusta migratoria, another member of the FXPRL-amide peptide family.

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology 19930901

• Pre-CFU-S quiescence and stem cell exhaustion after cytostatic drug treatment: protective effects of the inhibitory peptide pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys (pEEDCK).

  Blood 19930401

• Audiogenic seizures in magnesium-deficient mice: effects of magnesium pyrrolidone-2-carboxylate, magnesium acetyltaurinate, magnesium chloride and vitamin B-6.

  Magnesium research 19930301

• Isolation of Antho-RFamide related peptides from the eyestalks of blue crab.

  Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry 19930201

• Primary structure of a cardioactive neuropeptide from the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta.

  FEBS letters 19921123

• Hydra head activator peptide has trophic activity for eukaryotic neurons.

  Brain research. Developmental brain research 19920724

• Isolation of the neuropeptide less than Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2 (Pol-RFamide II) from the hydromedusa Polyorchis penicillatus.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19920316

• Isolation and primary structure of a novel pheromonotropic neuropeptide structurally related to leucopyrokinin from the armyworm larvae, Pseudaletia separata.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19920131

• Modulation of KB and A431 cell adhesion by epidermal growth inhibitory pentapeptide.

  Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology 19920101

• Effect of combination treatment with analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) or somatostatin and 5-fluorouracil on pancreatic cancer in hamsters.

  International journal of cancer 19910909

• A unique charged tyrosine-containing member of the adipokinetic hormone/red-pigment-concentrating hormone peptide family isolated and sequenced from two beetle species.

  The Biochemical journal 19910501

• Primary structure of the precursor for the sea anemone neuropeptide Antho-RFamide (less than Glu-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2).

  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19910315

• Protection from arabinofuranosylcytosine and n-mustard-induced myelotoxicity using hemoregulatory peptide pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys monomer and dimer.

  Blood 19910315

• The adipokinetic neuropeptide of Mantodea. Sequence elucidation and evolutionary relationships.

  Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 19910301

• The peptide pyroGlu-Gln-Gly-Ser-Asn, isolated from mouse liver, inhibits growth of rat hepatoma cells in vitro.

  Carcinogenesis 19910201

• Isolation and structure elucidation of a novel adipokinetic hormone (Lom-AKH-III) from the glandular lobes of the corpus cardiacum of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria.

  European journal of biochemistry 19910130

• Inhibitory epidermal pentapeptide modulates proliferation and differentiation of transformed mouse epidermal cells in vitro.

  Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology 19910101

• The epidermal pentapeptide pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Ser-GlyOH inhibits murine hair growth in vivo and in vitro.

  Dermatologica 19910101

• Degradation of adipokinetic hormone family peptides by a circulating endopeptidase in the insect Manduca sexta.

  Peptides 19910101

• An efficient chemical-enzymatic synthesis of LHRH N-terminal pentapeptide.

  Biomedica biochimica acta 19910101

• Inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation by hemoregulatory peptide pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys (pEEDCK) provides protection against short-term neutropenia and long-term damage.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 19910101

• The use of haemoregulatory peptides (pEEDCK monomer and dimer) for reduction of cytostatic drug induced haemopoietic damage.

  Cancer treatment reviews 19900901

• The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster contains a novel charged adipokinetic-hormone-family peptide.

  The Biochemical journal 19900715

• Isolation and structure of a novel charged member of the red-pigment-concentrating hormone-adipokinetic hormone family of peptides isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae (Diptera).

  The Biochemical journal 19900715

• The putative ancestral peptide of the adipokinetic/red-pigment-concentrating hormone family isolated and sequenced from a dragonfly.

  Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler 19900601

• TRH-extended peptides in the olfactory lobe are formed by incomplete cleavage at pairs of arginine residues in the TRH prohormone.

  FEBS letters 19900521

• Norvaline2-TRH: binding to TRH receptors in rat brain homogenates.

  European journal of pharmacology 19900503

• Prevention of hematotoxic side effects of cytostatic drugs in mice by a synthetic hemoregulatory peptide.

  Cancer research 19900115

• Mouse epidermal cell renewal after topical treatment with different concentrations of the epidermal peptide pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Ser-GlyOH.

  Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology 19900101

• UVB-induced epidermal hyperproliferation is modified by a single, topical treatment with a mitosis inhibitory epidermal pentapeptide.

  The Journal of investigative dermatology 19900101

• The primary structure of the hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide from tenebrionid beetles: a novel member of the AKH/RPCH family.

  Peptides 19900101

• Pentapeptide inhibitor of epidermal mitosis: production and responsiveness in cultures of normal, transformed and neoplastic human keratinocytes.

  Carcinogenesis 19891201

• Suppressive biological activity of a synthetic pentapeptide on highly enriched human and murine marrow hematopoietic progenitors: synergism with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.

  Experimental hematology 19891001

• Biosynthesis of adipokinetic hormones (AKHs): further characterization of precursors and identification of novel products of processing.

  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 19890301

• Enhancement of methylnitrosourea-induced skin tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis in hairless mice by pretreatment with a mitosis-inhibiting epidermal pentapeptide.

  Carcinogenesis 19890201

• Controversies in TRH biosynthesis and strategies towards the identification of a TRH precursor.

  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 19890101

• The metabolic neuropeptides of the corpus cardiacum from the potato beetle and the American cockroach are identical.

  Peptides 19890101

• Isolation of less than Glu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Trp-NH2, a novel neuropeptide from sea anemones.

  Brain research 19880301

• [A synthetic peptide from Helix aspersa raises arterial pressure in rats].

  Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii 19880101

• Primary sequence analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of a peptide with adipokinetic activity from the corpora cardiaca of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19871231

• Effect of pyroglutamic acid stereoisomers on ECS and scopolamine-induced memory disruption and brain acetylcholine levels in the rat.

  Pharmacological research communications 19871201

• Inhibitory activity of a synthetic pentapeptide on leukaemic myelopoiesis both in vitro and in vivo in rats.

  European journal of haematology 19871101

• The actions of FMRFamide-like peptides on visceral and somatic muscles of the snail Helix aspersa.

  The Journal of experimental biology 19870901

• Sequential processing reactions in the formation of hormone amides.

  European journal of biochemistry 19870817

• Isolation and structure of an epidermal mitosis inhibiting pentapeptide.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19870814

• Specific processing of the thyrotropin-releasing prohormone in rat brain and spinal cord.

  European journal of biochemistry 19870615

• Identification of a mammalian glutaminyl cyclase converting glutaminyl into pyroglutamyl peptides.

  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 19870601

• Active fragments and analogs of the insect neuropeptide leucopyrokinin: structure-function studies.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19860630

• Processing of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) precursor in Xenopus skin and bovine hypothalamus: evidence for the existence of extended forms of TRH.

  Regulatory peptides 19860501

• Primary structure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from lamprey brain.

  The Journal of biological chemistry 19860415

• Isolation and primary structure of a peptide from the corpora cardiaca of Heliothis zea with adipokinetic activity.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19860313

• Immunohistochemical localization in the rat brain of the precursor for thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

  Science (New York, N.Y.) 19850913

• [Synthesis of cyclic and non-cyclic tachykinin partial sequences. 2. Synthesis of the homocyclic substance P(6-11) hexapeptide].

  Die Pharmazie 19850801

• Rohdei-litorin: a new peptide from the skin of Phyllomedusa rohdei.

  FEBS letters 19850311

• Arterial blood pressure response in conscious rabbits to administration of C-terminal fragment of substance P into the cerebral ventricles, intravenously and intragastrically.

  Arzneimittel-Forschung 19850101

• The isolation and characterization of an insulin-releasing tetrapeptide from urines of patients with lipoatrophic diabetes.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19840718

• C-terminal amidation of neuropeptides. Gly-Lys-Arg extension an efficient precursor of C-terminal amide.

  FEBS letters 19840213

• Cleavage of Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase A2 with cyanogen bromide: sequence of the short peptide fragment and formation of a noncovalently bonded complex from the fragments.

  Journal of biochemistry 19810801

• An approach to the elucidation of metabolic breakdown products of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

  Journal of medicinal chemistry 19810601

• Preparation of 3H-[3-M3-His2]TRH as an improved ligand for TRH receptors.

  Neuroendocrinology 19810501