17949-65-4 | Zinc, bis(2-pyridinecarboxylato-κN1,κO2)-, (T-4)-

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
250g		in stock	$68.00	$48.00
1kg		in stock	$117.00	$82.00
5kg		in stock	$387.00	$271.00
10kg		in stock	$688.00	$481.00
25kg		in stock	$1,584.00	$1,109.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AB02223
• Chemical Name: Zinc, bis(2-pyridinecarboxylato-κN1,κO2)-, (T-4)-
• CAS Number: 17949-65-4
• Molecular Formula: C12H8N2O4Zn
• Molecular Weight: 309.5829
• MDL Number: MFCD00145544
• SMILES: O=C(c1ccccn1)O[Zn]OC(=O)c1ccccn1

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 108
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
• Heavy Atom Count: 19
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

Literature

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  Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 20130401

• In vitro and in vivo activities of ruthenium(II) phosphine/diimine/picolinate complexes (SCAR) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

  PloS one 20130101

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  Enzyme and microbial technology 20121210

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  Biological trace element research 20121201

• Hepatoprotective activity of CrPic against alloxan-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

  Biological trace element research 20121101

• Lanthanide complexes based on a diazapyridinophane platform containing picolinate pendants.

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• Rapid screening of anabolic steroids in horse urine with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after chemical derivatisation.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20120406

• Insulin receptors and downstream substrates associate with membrane microdomains after treatment with insulin or chromium(III) picolinate.

  Cell biochemistry and biophysics 20120401

• Elucidating the biosynthetic pathway for the polyketide-nonribosomal peptide collismycin A: mechanism for formation of the 2,2'-bipyridyl ring.

  Chemistry & biology 20120323

• Inhibitory effects of decavanadate on several enzymes and Leishmania tarentolae in vitro.

  Journal of inorganic biochemistry 20120301

• The effect of EDTA, NTA and picolinic acid on Th(IV) mobility in a ternary system with natural sand.

  Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 20120301

• Picolinate ruthenium(II)-arene complex with in vitro antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties: comparison to a series of ruthenium(II)-arene complexes with similar structure.

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• Renal distal tubule proliferation and increased aquaporin 2 level but decreased urine osmolality in db/db mouse: treatment with chromium picolinate.

  Experimental and molecular pathology 20120201

• Ameliorating effect of chromium administration on hepatic glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes.

  BioFactors (Oxford, England) 20120101

• Metabolic stability of new anticonvulsants in body fluids and organ homogenates.

  Acta poloniae pharmaceutica 20120101

• M. tuberculosis induces potent activation of IDO-1, but this is not essential for the immunological control of infection.

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• Tuning the reactivity in classic low-spin d6 rhenium(I) tricarbonyl radiopharmaceutical synthon by selective bidentate ligand variation (L,L'-Bid; L,L'= N,N', N,O, and O,O' donor atom sets) in fac-[Re(CO)3(L,L'-Bid)(MeOH)]n complexes.

  Inorganic chemistry 20111219

• Potential of chromium(III) picolinate for reproductive or developmental toxicity following exposure of male CD-1 mice prior to mating.

  Biological trace element research 20111201

• The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on production performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chicken under heat stress condition.

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• Changes in kynurenine pathway metabolism in the brain, liver and kidney of aged female Wistar rats.

  The FEBS journal 20111101

• Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on the growth, carcass quality and gene expression of beef during the finishing period.

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• Ruthenium(II) phosphine/diimine/picolinate complexes: inorganic compounds as agents against tuberculosis.

  European journal of medicinal chemistry 20111001

• Fluorescent detection of an anthrax biomarker based on PVA film.

  The Analyst 20110921

• Insulin and chromium picolinate induce translocation of CD36 to the plasma membrane through different signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and with a differential functionality of the CD36.

  Biological trace element research 20110901

• Characterization of the kynurenine pathway in NSC-34 cell line: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20110901

• Single-molecule magnetic behavior in a neutral terbium(III) complex of a picolinate-based nitronyl nitroxide free radical.

  Inorganic chemistry 20110815

• Chemoselectivity in the Cu-catalyzed O-arylation of phenols and aliphatic alcohols.

  Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 20110807

• Effect of chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics of swine.

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• Alternative and complementary treatments for metabolic syndrome.

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• Lanthanide dota-like complexes containing a picolinate pendant: structural entry for the design of Ln(III)-based luminescent probes.

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• Evidence that chromium modulates cellular cholesterol homeostasis and ABCA1 functionality impaired by hyperinsulinemia--brief report.

  Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 20110501

• Performance and ruminal protozoa in lambs with chromium supplementation.

  Research in veterinary science 20110401

• Regulation of organic nucleic acids and serum biochemistry parameters by dietary chromium picolinate supplementation in swine model.

  Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 20110401

• Complex formation in aqueous solution and in the solid state of the potent insulin-enhancing V(IV)O2+ compounds formed by picolinate and quinolinate derivatives.

  Inorganic chemistry 20110207

• Submandibular gland and caries susceptibility in the obese Zucker rat.

  Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 20110201

• Mixed ligand cobalt(II) picolinate complexes: synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and photocleavage.

  Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 20110121

• [Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of the derivatives of glycoside steviolbioside from the plant Stevia rebaudiana and diterpenoid isosteviol containing hydrazone, hydrazide and pyridinoyl moieties].

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• Exposure to hexavalent chromium resulted in significantly higher tissue chromium burden compared with trivalent chromium following similar oral doses to male F344/N rats and female B6C3F1 mice.

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• The unexpected role of pyridine-2-carboxylic acid in manganese based oxidation catalysis with pyridin-2-yl based ligands.

  Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 20101121

• Protective role of zinc picolinate on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

  Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation 20101101

• Effect of dietary chromium picolinate on growth performance and blood parameters in grass carp fingerling, Ctenopharyngodon idellus.

  Fish physiology and biochemistry 20100901

• The kynurenine pathway and inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

  Neurotoxicity research 20100801

• Tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of chromium in rats fed diets containing graded levels of chromium chloride or chromium picolinate.

  The Journal of toxicological sciences 20100801

• The effects of dietary chromium(III) picolinate on growth performance, vital signs, and blood measurements of pigs during immune stress.

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• Improved cognitive-cerebral function in older adults with chromium supplementation.

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• NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of chromium picolinate monohydrate (CAS No. 27882-76-4) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies).

  National Toxicology Program technical report series 20100601

• Characterization of the metabolic and physiologic response to chromium supplementation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20100501

• Enhancement of antibacterial effects of extracts from Cirsium species using sodium picolinate and estimation of their toxicity.

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• Autoschizis of T-cells is induced by the nutritional supplement, Cr(III)picolinate.

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• In patients with HIV-infection, chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.

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• Effects of dietary chromium (III) picolinate on growth performance, respiratory rate, plasma variables, and carcass traits of pigs fed high-fat diets.

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• Effects of chromium(III) picolinate on cortisol and DHEAs secretion in H295R human adrenocortical cells.

  Biological trace element research 20100201

• Ruthenium (II) phosphine/picolinate complexes as antimycobacterial agents.

  European journal of medicinal chemistry 20100201

• Combined effects of one 8-hydroxyquinoline/picolinate and 'CH'/N substitutions on the geometry, electronic structure and optical properties of mer-Alq(3).

  The journal of physical chemistry. A 20100114

• Hypoglycaemia: possible mediation by chromium salt medication.

  Hormones (Athens, Greece) 20100101

• Effects of chromium picolinate on vascular reactivity and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Pharmacological reports : PR 20100101

• Effects of chromium picolinate on glucose uptake in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes involve activation of p38 MAPK.

  The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 20091201

• Effect of chromium supplementation on the diabetes induced-oxidative stress in liver and brain of adult rats.

  Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 20091201

• Zinc picolinate in the prevention of leiomyoma in Japanese quail.

  Journal of medicinal food 20091201

• Magneto-structural correlation in a metamagnetic cobalt(II)-based pillared trilayer motif constructed by mixed pyridyl-type carboxylate ligands.

  Inorganic chemistry 20091102

• Development of highly sensitive quantification method for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in human serum and prostate tissue by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

  Steroids 20091101

• The crystal structure of human alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase in complex with 1,3-dihydroxyacetonephosphate suggests a regulatory link between NAD synthesis and glycolysis.

  The FEBS journal 20091101

• Gadolinium(III) complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane based picolinate ligands: simultaneous optimization of water exchange kinetics and electronic relaxation.

  Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 20091014

• Factors that affect oxygen activation and coupling of the two redox cycles in the aromatization reaction catalyzed by NikD, an unusual amino acid oxidase.

  Biochemistry 20091013

• Formation of chiral C(sp3)-C(sp) bond by allylic substitution of secondary allylic picolinates and alkynyl copper reagents.

  The Journal of organic chemistry 20091002

• Anthocyanin production in callus cultures of Cleome rosea: modulation by culture conditions and characterization of pigments by means of HPLC-DAD/ESIMS.

  Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB 20091001

• Chromium picolinate inhibits resistin secretion in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of amp-activated protein kinase.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20090801

• The infrared spectra of Bacillus bacteria part II: sporulated Bacillus--the effect of vegetative cells and contributions of calcium dipicolinate trihydrate, CaDP.3H2O.

  Applied spectroscopy 20090801

• Chromium picolinate induced apoptosis of lymphocytes and the signaling mechanisms thereof.

  Toxicology and applied pharmacology 20090615

• Spectral and kinetic characterization of intermediates in the aromatization reaction catalyzed by NikD, an unusual amino acid oxidase.

  Biochemistry 20090602

• The effects of dietary chromium(III) picolinate on growth performance, blood measurements, and respiratory rate in pigs kept in high and low ambient temperature.

  Journal of animal science 20090501

• Absorption, excretion and retention of 51Cr from labelled Cr-(III)-picolinate in rats.

  Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 20090401

• Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of chromium picolinate monohydrate administered in feed to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice for 2 years.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20090401

• Production of L-tryptophan-derived catabolites in hepatocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

  European journal of nutrition 20090401

• Chromium picolinate does not improve key features of metabolic syndrome in obese nondiabetic adults.

  Metabolic syndrome and related disorders 20090401

• Synthesis of the active form of loxoprofen by using allylic substitutions in two steps.

  Organic letters 20090305

• Aerobic degradation of 2-picolinic acid by a nitrobenzene-assimilating strain: Streptomyces sp. Z2.

  Bioresource technology 20090301

• Age and circadian influences on picolinic acid concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20090301

• Organometallic osmium(II) arene anticancer complexes containing picolinate derivatives.

  Inorganic chemistry 20090216

• Effect of indoleamine dioxygenase-1 deficiency and kynurenine pathway inhibition on murine cerebral malaria.

  International journal for parasitology 20090201

• Anti-infectious activity of tryptophan metabolites in the L-tryptophan-L-kynurenine pathway.

  Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20090101

• Do dietary supplements help promote weight loss?

  Journal of dietary supplements 20090101

• Use of complexing reagents as additives to the eluent for optimization of separation selectivity in high-performance chelation ion chromatography.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20081205

• Effects of chromium picolinate on oxidative damage in primary piglet hepatocytes.

  Biological trace element research 20081201

• Effects of chromium picolinate on micronucleus frequency and morphology of lymphocytes in calves.

  Biological trace element research 20081101

• Effects of chromium picolinate on food intake and satiety.

  Diabetes technology & therapeutics 20081001

• Highly sensitive analysis of sterol profiles in human serum by LC-ESI-MS/MS.

  Journal of lipid research 20080901

• Lanthanide complexes based on a 1,7-diaza-12-crown-4 platform containing picolinate pendants: a new structural entry for the design of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.

  Inorganic chemistry 20080901

• A novel membrane-based anti-diabetic action of atorvastatin.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20080808

• Chromium supplementation improves glucose tolerance in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

  IUBMB life 20080801

• Development of sensitive derivatization method for aldosterone in liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of corticosteroids.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20080725

• Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to chromium picolinate or picolinic acid on neurological development in CD-1 mice.

  Biological trace element research 20080701

• Antioxidant effect of zinc picolinate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Respiratory medicine 20080601

• Preparation and structural elucidation of the picolinyl ester of aldosterone for liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

  Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 20080601

• Picolinoxy group, a new leaving group for anti SN2' selective allylic substitution with aryl anions based on Grignard reagents.

  Organic letters 20080501

• Antidiabetogenic effects of chromium mitigate hyperinsulinemia-induced cellular insulin resistance via correction of plasma membrane cholesterol imbalance.

  Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 20080401

• Chromium picolinate does not produce chromosome damage.

  Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 20080401

• Chromium nanoparticle exhibits higher absorption efficiency than chromium picolinate and chromium chloride in Caco-2 cell monolayers.

  Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 20080401

• Crystal structure of Ce(IV)/dipicolinate complex as catalyst for DNA hydrolysis.

  Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 20080201

• Comparison of the potential for developmental toxicity of prenatal exposure to two dietary chromium supplements, chromium picolinate and [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)(6(H2O)3]+, in mice.

  Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology 20080201

• Chromium picolinate for insulin resistance in subjects with HIV disease: a pilot study.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20080201

• Chromium picolinate and biotin combination improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 20080101

• Chromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid do not synergistically influence diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition and health indexes in overweight women.

  The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 20080101

• Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization signal enhancement of peptides by picolinamidination of amino groups.

  Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM 20080101

• Supplements and the endocrine system in athletes.

  Clinics in sports medicine 20080101

• Study of oxidative damage in growing-finishing pigs with continuous excess dietary chromium picolinate intake.

  Biological trace element research 20080101

• A one-dimensional nickel(II) coordination polymer containing 2,6-dipicolinate and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine.

  Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications 20071201

• Rational selection of the optimum MALDI matrix for top-down proteomics by in-source decay.

  Analytical chemistry 20071115

• Effect of pretreatment with chromium picolinate on haematological parameters during dengue virus infection in mice.

  The Indian journal of medical research 20071101

• Investigating the vanadium environments in hydroxylamido V(V) dipicolinate complexes using 51V NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory.

  Inorganic chemistry 20071029

• So many choices, so what's a consumer to do?: A commentary on 'Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats'.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20071015

• Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20071015

• Influence of dietary L-carnitine and chromium picolinate on blood hormones and metabolites of gestating sows fed one meal per day.

  Journal of animal science 20071001

• Highly sensitive determination of estrone and estradiol in human serum by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

  Steroids 20071001

• Effect of chronic chromium picolinate in animal models of anxiety and memory.

  Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 20071001

• Monitoring blood glucose levels in female mink during the reproductive cycle: 1. Prevention of hyperglycemia during the nursing period.

  Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 20071001

• Monitoring blood glucose levels in female mink during the reproductive cycle: 2. Effects of short-term fish oil, chromium picolinate, and acetylsalicylic acid supplementation during late lactation.

  Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 20071001

• Effect of chromium on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20070901

• A one-dimensional CdII coordination polymer: catena-poly[cadmium(II)-bis(mu-6-methylpicolinato)].

  Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications 20070901

• 4-Carboxyanilinium (2R,3R)-tartrate and a redetermination of the alpha-polymorph of 4-aminobenzoic acid.

  Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications 20070901

• New medications which decrease levothyroxine absorption.

  Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 20070801

• Antidiabetic copper(II)-picolinate: impact of the first transition metal in the metallopicolinate complexes.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20070715

• Evaluation of the potential genotoxicity of chromium picolinate in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20070701

• Safety of trivalent chromium complexes: no evidence for DNA damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20070615

• Effects of picolinic acid on the antimicrobial functions of host macrophages against Mycobacterium avium complex.

  International journal of antimicrobial agents 20070401

• Chromium picolinate supplementation in women: effects on body weight, composition, and iron status.

  Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 20070301

• A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of picolinic acid gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

  The British journal of dermatology 20070301

• Chromium picolinate and biotin combination reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial.

  The American journal of the medical sciences 20070301

• Hypoxia inhibits Moloney murine leukemia virus expression in activated macrophages.

  Journal of leukocyte biology 20070201

• A mobile tryptophan is the intrinsic charge transfer donor in a flavoenzyme essential for nikkomycin antibiotic biosynthesis.

  Biochemistry 20070123

• Synergistic effects of conjugated linoleic acid and chromium picolinate improve vascular function and renal pathophysiology in the insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rat.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20070101

• A Dietary supplement containing standardized Phaseolus vulgaris extract influences body composition of overweight men and women.

  International journal of medical sciences 20070101

• Induction of macrophage glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase expression by hypoxia and by picolinic acid.

  International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology 20070101

• Over-the-counter products for weight management.

  The Alabama nurse 20070101

• The effect of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation on glycemic control in poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial.

  Diabetes technology & therapeutics 20061201

• Clinical studies on chromium picolinate supplementation in diabetes mellitus--a review.

  Diabetes technology & therapeutics 20061201

• Effects of chromium supplementation on glycogen synthesis after high-intensity exercise.

  Medicine and science in sports and exercise 20061201

• Chromium picolinate positively influences the glucose transporter system via affecting cholesterol homeostasis in adipocytes cultured under hyperglycemic diabetic conditions.

  Mutation research 20061107

• Molecular analysis of hprt mutations induced by chromium picolinate in CHO AA8 cells.

  Mutation research 20061107

• Nutritional supplement chromium picolinate generates chromosomal aberrations and impedes progeny development in Drosophila melanogaster.

  Mutation research 20061107

• Picolinyl ester fragmentation mechanism studies with application to the identification of acylcarnitine acyl groups following transesterification.

  Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 20061101

• Enhancement of insulin signaling pathway in adipocytes by oxovanadium(IV) complexes.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20061027

• Lack of effect of chromium supplementation on mental state and body weight in people with schizophrenia.

  Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 20061001

• Chromium-picolinate induced ocular changes: Protective role of ascorbic acid.

  Toxicology 20060921

• Activity of picolinic acid in combination with the antiprotozoal drug quinacrine against Mycobacterium avium complex.

  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20060901

• Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetes care 20060801

• Chromium picolinate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based review by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

  Nutrition reviews 20060801

• Chromium picolinate improves insulin sensitivity in obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome.

  Fertility and sterility 20060701

• Managing psychiatric disorders with antidiabetic agents: translational research and treatment opportunities.

  Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 20060701

• Exposure of pregnant mice to chromium picolinate results in skeletal defects in their offspring.

  Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology 20060601

• Experimental (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H NMR) and theoretical study of magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium picolinates.

  Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 20060501

• SanJ, an ATP-dependent picolinate-CoA ligase, catalyzes the conversion of picolinate to picolinate-CoA during nikkomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes.

  Metabolic engineering 20060501

• Separation of nicotinic acid and its structural isomers using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquid as a buffer additive by capillary electrophoresis.

  Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20060411

• Chromium activates glucose transporter 4 trafficking and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism.

  Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 20060401

• Acute tubular necrosis associated with chromium picolinate-containing dietary supplement.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20060301

• Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

  Diabetes care 20060301

• Chromium picolinate enhances skeletal muscle cellular insulin signaling in vivo in obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats.

  The Journal of nutrition 20060201

• Effect of chromium picolinate on modified forced swimming test in diabetic rats: involvement of serotonergic pathways and potassium channels.

  Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 20060201

• Chromium supplementation.

  The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics 20060116

• Antimicrobial activity of picolinic acid against extracellular and intracellular Mycobacterium avium complex and its combined activity with clarithromycin, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones.

  The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 20060101

• Vibrational and microbiological study on alkaline metal picolinates and o-iodobenzoates.

  Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 20060101

• Hypoglycemic potency of novel trivalent chromium in hyperglycemic insulin-deficient rats.

  Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 20060101

• [Repercussions of chromium picolinate in the protein metabolism based on the age].

  Nutricion hospitalaria 20060101

• Design of a hairpin polyamide, ZT65B, for targeting the inverted CCAAT box (ICB) site in the multidrug resistant (MDR1) gene.

  Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 20051201

• Effect of chromium supplementation on insulin resistance and ovarian and menstrual cyclicity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

  Fertility and sterility 20051201

• Chromium picolinate does not produce chromosome damage in CHO cells.

  Mutation research 20051110

• Mutagenicity of chromium picolinate and its components in Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20051101

• New derivatives of picolinic acid and nicotinic acid with anticonvulsant activity.

  Protein and peptide letters 20051001

• Investigation of novel mediators for a glucose biosensor based on metal picolinate complexes.

  Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20050901

• Effects of chronic chromium picolinate treatment in uninephrectomized rat.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20050901

• A double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory trial of chromium picolinate in atypical depression: effect on carbohydrate craving.

  Journal of psychiatric practice 20050901

• Characterizing the 'shell phase' formed from amphiphilic picolinates.

  Journal of the American Chemical Society 20050831

• The reaction of [Fe(pic)3] with hydrogen peroxide: a UV-visible and EPR spectroscopic study (Hpic = picolinic acid).

  Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) 20050821

• Lack of mutagenicity of chromium picolinate in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene mutation assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

  Mutation research 20050801

• Effects of dietary combination of chromium and biotin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and oxidative stress markers in heat-distressed Japanese quail.

  Biological trace element research 20050801

• Use of chromium picolinate and biotin in the management of type 2 diabetes: an economic analysis.

  Disease management : DM 20050801

• Effects of dengue virus infection on peripheral blood cells of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium with drinking water.

  The Indian journal of medical research 20050801

• [Adjunctive immunotherapy of mycobacterial infections].

  Nihon saikingaku zasshi. Japanese journal of bacteriology 20050801

• Chromium picolinate, rather than biotin, alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed quail.

  British poultry science 20050801

• The relationship between chemical structure and antimicrobial activity of selected nicotinates, p-iodobenzoates, picolinates and isonicotinates.

  Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 20050601

• Supplementation of zinc from organic or inorganic source improves performance and antioxidant status of heat-distressed quail.

  Poultry science 20050601

• Chromium supplementation shortens QTc interval duration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  American heart journal 20050401

• A validated method for analysis of chromium picolinate in nutraceuticals by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography.

  Biomedical chromatography : BMC 20050301

• Unusual reactivity in a commercial chromium supplement compared to baseline DNA cleavage with synthetic chromium complexes.

  Journal of inorganic biochemistry 20050301

• Selective allylic hydroxylation of octahydronaphthalene derivatives with a bridgehead double bond using electrochemical method with iron picolinate complexes.

  Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 20050201

• Absence of toxic effects in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice following subchronic administration of chromium picolinate monohydrate.

  Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 20050101

• Chromium picolinate may favorably influence the vascular risk associated with smoking by combating cortisol-induced insulin resistance.

  Medical hypotheses 20050101

• Nonpharmacologic treatments for depression in patients with coronary heart disease.

  Psychosomatic medicine 20050101

• Supplementation with chromium picolinate recovers renal Cr concentration and improves carbohydrate metabolism and renal function in type 2 diabetic mice.

  Biological trace element research 20050101

• [Development research on oxidase functional model iron complexes].

  Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 20041201

• Initiating insulin in type 2 diabetes.

  The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 20041201

• The central effect of chromium on glucose metabolism.

  Pharmacopsychiatry 20040901

• Resistive training and chromium picolinate: effects on inositols and liver and kidney functions in older adults.

  International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 20040801

• Influence of Carnichrome on the energy balance of gestating sows.

  Journal of animal science 20040701

• A new electrochemical system for stereoselective allylic hydroxylation of cholesteryl acetate with dioxygen induced by iron picolinate complexes.

  Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 20040601

• Augmented inhibition of Candida albicans growth by murine neutrophils in the presence of a tryptophan metabolite, picolinic acid.

  Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 20040601

• Induction of Mycobacterium avium growth restriction and inhibition of phagosome-endosome interactions during macrophage activation and apoptosis induction by picolinic acid plus IFNgamma.

  Microbiology (Reading, England) 20040501

• Picolinic acid- or desferrioxamine-inducible autocrine activation of macrophages engineered to produce IFNgamma: an approach for gene therapy.

  Gene therapy 20040301

• Hypoxia selectively inhibits monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production by macrophages.

  Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20040201

• Alpha-picolinic acid, a fungal toxin and mammal apoptosis-inducing agent, elicits hypersensitive-like response and enhances disease resistance in rice.

  Cell research 20040201

• Recent advances in the nutritional biochemistry of trivalent chromium.

  The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 20040201

• Chromium picolinate supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats.

  Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 20040101

• Insulin sensitising action of chromium picolinate in various experimental models of diabetes mellitus.

  Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 20040101

• Effect of different doses of chromium picolinate on protein metabolism in infant rats.

  Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 20040101

• Harnessing chromium in the fight against diabetes.

  Drug discovery today 20031101

• [Chromium (III)-ion enhances the utilization of glucose in type-2 diabetes mellitus].

  Orvosi hetilap 20031019

• Diuretics vs. ACE inhibitors.

  The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 20031001

• Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria.

  The Journal of infectious diseases 20030915

• Effects of treatment with chromium picolinate on peripheral amino acid availability and brain monoamine function in the rat.

  Pharmacopsychiatry 20030901

• Membrane differential filtration is safe and effective for the long-term treatment of Refsum syndrome--an update of treatment modalities and pathophysiological cognition.

  Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis 20030801

• Antifungal activity of macrophages engineered to produce IFNgamma: inducibility by picolinic acid.

  Medical microbiology and immunology 20030501

• Antioxidant properties of chromium and zinc: in vivo effects on digestibility, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant vitamins, and some minerals under a low ambient temperature.

  Biological trace element research 20030501

• Chromium compounds: cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis.

  Toxicology 20030415

• Chromium picolinate for reducing body weight: meta-analysis of randomized trials.

  International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 20030401

• Effectiveness of chromium in atypical depression: a placebo-controlled trial.

  Biological psychiatry 20030201

• Tissue and subcellular distribution of chromium picolinate with time after entering the bloodstream.

  Journal of inorganic biochemistry 20030201

• The preparation of (S)-aspartate semi-aldehyde appropriate for use in biochemical studies.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20030120

• The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent and muscle development agent.

  Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 20030101

• Study of the mechanism of the cytostatic effect of picolinic acid on proliferating Tetrahymena pyriformis cells.

  Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections 20030101

• Effect of chromium picolinate on histopathological alterations in STZ and neonatal STZ diabetic rats.

  Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 20030101

• Macrophage activating properties of the tryptophan catabolite picolinic acid.

  Advances in experimental medicine and biology 20030101

• Antagonistic effect of picolinic acid and interferon-gamma on macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha/beta production.

  Cellular immunology 20021101

• Ultrastructural damage in chromium picolinate-treated cells: a TEM study. Transmission electron microscopy.

  Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 20020901

• Drug targeting to the brain: transfer of picolinic acid along the olfactory pathways.

  Journal of drug targeting 20020901

• Structure-dependent metallokinetics of antidiabetic vanadyl-picolinate complexes in rats: studies on solution structure, insulinomimetic activity, and metallokinetics.

  Journal of inorganic biochemistry 20020725

• Flavopiridol inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor production induced by hypoxia or picolinic acid in human neuroblastoma.

  International journal of cancer 20020610

• Oral chromium picolinate improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and enhances skeletal muscle Glut-4 translocation in obese, hyperinsulinemic (JCR-LA corpulent) rats.

  The Journal of nutrition 20020601

• Effects of resistive training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle size in older women.

  International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism 20020601

• Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and body weight in dexamethasone-treated rats.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20020501

• The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria.

  The Journal of infectious diseases 20020301

• A functional food product for the management of weight.

  Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 20020301

• Concurrent quantification of quinolinic, picolinic, and nicotinic acids using electron-capture negative-ion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

  Analytical biochemistry 20020201

• In vivo distribution of chromium from chromium picolinate in rats and implications for the safety of the dietary supplement.

  Chemical research in toxicology 20020201

• Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6 degrees C).

  Archiv fur Tierernahrung 20020201

• Chromium(III) tris(picolinate) is mutagenic at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

  Mutation research 20020115

• The molybdenum-containing xanthine oxidoreductases and picolinate dehydrogenases.

  Metal ions in biological systems 20020101

• Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of zinc picolinate for taste disorders.

  Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum 20020101

• Blood glucose lowering and toxicological effects of zinc (II) complexes with maltol, threonine, and picolinic acid.

  Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology 20020101

• Enzyme activities involved in tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway in rabbits.

  Biochimica et biophysica acta 20010815

• Effect of chromium picolinate and chromium propionate on glucose and insulin kinetics of growing barrows and on growth and carcass traits of growing-finishing barrows.

  Journal of animal science 20010801

• Separation and direct UV detection of lanthanides complexed with pyridine-2-carboxylic acid by capillary electrophoresis.

  Journal of chromatography. A 20010727

• Release of Cr(III) from Cr(III) picolinate upon metabolic activation.

  Journal of hazardous materials 20010629

• Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on performance and plasma concentrations of insulin and corticosterone in laying hens under low ambient temperature.

  Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 20010601

• Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion.

  Pharmacotherapy 20010501

• The effect of chromium picolinate on muscular strength and body composition in women athletes.

  Journal of strength and conditioning research 20010501

• New high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the detection of picolinic acid in biological fluids.

  Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications 20010210

• Essential viral and cellular zinc and iron containing metalloproteins as targets for novel antiviral and anticancer agents: implications for prevention and therapy of viral diseases and cancer.

  Anticancer research 20010101

• Oral chromium picolinate and control of glycemia in insulin-treated diabetic dogs.

  Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20010101

• Good news in alternative therapies for diabetes.

  Pennsylvania medicine 20010101

• Antiviral, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of picolinic acid on human immunodeficiency virus-1 and human herpes simplex virus-2 infected cells.

  Anticancer research 20010101

• Nitric oxide inhibits dioxin action for the stimulation of Cyp1a1 promoter activity.

  Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 20000501

• Chromium picolinate toxicity.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 19980401

• Chromium picolinate modulates rat vascular smooth muscle cell intracellular calcium metabolism.

  The Journal of nutrition 19980201

• Effect of growth hormone or chromium picolinate on swine metabolism and inflammatory cytokine production after endotoxin challenge exposure.

  American journal of veterinary research 19970601

• Effect of recombinant growth hormone and chromium picolinate on cytokine production and growth performance in swine.

  Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology 19950101

• Protective effect of picolinic acid on mice intracerebrally infected with lethal doses of Candida albicans.

  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 19931101

• Comparative absorption of zinc picolinate, zinc citrate and zinc gluconate in humans.

  Agents and actions 19870601

• Antagonism of kynurenine-induced seizures by picolinic, kynurenic and xanthurenic acids.

  Journal of neural transmission 19830101