274901-16-5 | Vildagliptin

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
50mg	98%	in stock	$6.00	$4.00
100mg	98%	in stock	$7.00	$5.00
1g	98%	in stock	$12.00	$9.00
5g	98%	in stock	$34.00	$24.00
10g	98%	in stock	$60.00	$42.00
25g	98%	in stock	$116.00	$82.00
100g	98%	in stock	$337.00	$236.00
500g	98%	in stock	$1,274.00	$892.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AB31876
• Chemical Name: Vildagliptin
• CAS Number: 274901-16-5
• Molecular Formula: C17H25N3O2
• Molecular Weight: 303.3993
• MDL Number: MFCD31630807
• SMILES: N#C[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CNC12CC3CC(C1)CC(C2)(C3)O

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 523
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
• Heavy Atom Count: 22
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 3
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
• XLogP3: 0.9

Literature

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  World journal of diabetes 20101115

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• Liraglutide: effects beyond glycaemic control in diabetes treatment.

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• Substituted 4-carboxymethylpyroglutamic acid diamides as potent and selective inhibitors of fibroblast activation protein.

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• Combination therapy with nateglinide and vildagliptin improves postprandial metabolic derangements in Zucker fatty rats.

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• Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): focus on drug-drug interactions.

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• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

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• The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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• Taking aim at islet hormones with GLP-1: is insulin or glucagon the better target?

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• (2S,4S)-1-[2-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propylamino)acetyl]-4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptide-derived inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

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• Synthesis and biological evaluation of bicyclo[3.3.0] octane derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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• Chronic administration of DSP-7238, a novel, potent, specific and substrate-selective DPP IV inhibitor, improves glycaemic control and beta-cell damage in diabetic mice.

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  Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 20100301

• A comparison of efficacy and safety of vildagliptin and gliclazide in combination with metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a 52-week, randomized study.

  Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 20100301

• Liraglutide, but not vildagliptin, restores normoglycaemia and insulin content in the animal model of type 2 diabetes, Psammomys obesus.

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  Journal of diabetes and its complications 20100101

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• Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in clinical studies: a pooled analysis of data from 10,246 patients with type 2 diabetes.

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  Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications 20100101

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  Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications 20100101

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  Postgraduate medicine 20091101

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  Pharmacology & therapeutics 20091001

• Comparison of vildagliptin and thiazolidinedione as add-on therapy in patients inadequately controlled with metformin: results of the GALIANT trial--a primary care, type 2 diabetes study.

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  International journal of clinical practice 20091001

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  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20090901

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• Chronic treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor BI 1356 [(R)-8-(3-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione] increases basal glucagon-like peptide-1 and improves glycemic control in diabetic rodent models.

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• Vildagliptin dose-dependently improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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• Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 by vildagliptin during glucagon-like Peptide 1 infusion increases liver glucose uptake in the conscious dog.

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• Treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves fasting islet-cell function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

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  Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library 20080501

• Bioequivalence of vildagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination tablets and a free combination of vildagliptin and metformin in healthy subjects.

  International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20080501

• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20080416

• (R)-8-(3-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione (BI 1356), a novel xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, has a superior potency and longer duration of action compared with other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20080401

• Comparison of vildagliptin and acarbose monotherapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial.

  Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 20080401

• Novel combination treatment of type 2 diabetes DPP-4 inhibition + metformin.

  Vascular health and risk management 20080401

• The effect of age, gender, and body mass index on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin in healthy volunteers.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 20080301

• Hypoglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 20080301

• Islet cell function is as interesting as insulin resistance for T2DM treatment options.

  International journal of clinical practice. Supplement 20080301

• The islet enhancer vildagliptin: mechanisms of improved glucose metabolism.

  International journal of clinical practice. Supplement 20080301

• Vildagliptin: clinical trials programme in monotherapy and combination therapy for type 2 diabetes.

  International journal of clinical practice. Supplement 20080301

• Measurements of islet function and glucose metabolism with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20080201

• Therapeutic approach of type 2 diabetes mellitus with GLP-1 based therapies.

  Diabetes & metabolism 20080201

• DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues: for whom? Which place for incretins in the management of type 2 diabetic patients?

  Diabetes & metabolism 20080201

• The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.

  Diabetes care 20080101

• Characterization of the influence of vildagliptin on model-assessed -cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild hyperglycemia.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20080101

• Effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin on incretin hormones, islet function, and postprandial glycemia in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

  Diabetes care 20080101

• Vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, has no pharmacokinetic interactions with the antihypertensive agents amlodipine, valsartan, and ramipril in healthy subjects.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20080101

• Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin vs. pioglitazone when added to metformin: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind study.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20080101

• Update: vildagliptin for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.

  Expert opinion on investigational drugs 20080101

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20080101

• Boc5, a non-peptidic glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist, invokes sustained glycemic control and weight loss in diabetic mice.

  PloS one 20080101

• Overview of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes.

  Medscape journal of medicine 20080101

• Vaccination against GIP for the treatment of obesity.

  PloS one 20080101

• Targeting Incretins in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors.

  The review of diabetic studies : RDS 20080101

• New drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is their place in therapy?

  Drugs 20080101

• New approaches to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly: role of incretin therapies.

  Drugs & aging 20080101

• Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis.

  BMC endocrine disorders 20080101

• Vildagliptin: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Drugs 20080101

• Medicinal chemistry approaches to the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

  Current topics in medicinal chemistry 20080101

• The potential role of vildagliptin in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Indian journal of pharmacology 20080101

• Commonality between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease and a new strategy for the therapy.

  Clinical medicine. Pathology 20080101

• [Two breakthroughs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Both the receptor agonist and enzyme inhibitors now available in the clinic].

  Lakartidningen 20071205

• Incretin receptors for glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are essential for the sustained metabolic actions of vildagliptin in mice.

  Diabetes 20071201

• Management of type 2 diabetes in treatment-naive elderly patients: benefits and risks of vildagliptin monotherapy.

  Diabetes care 20071201

• Evaluation of the potential for steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between vildagliptin and simvastatin in healthy subjects.

  Current medical research and opinion 20071201

• DPP-4 inhibitors.

  Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 20071201

• Clinical management strategies for type 2 diabetes.

  JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 20071201

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• The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not accentuate glibenclamide-induced hypoglycemia but reduces glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20071101

• Improved meal-related insulin processing contributes to the enhancement of B-cell function by the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20071101

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20071101

• DPP-4 inhibition improves glucose tolerance and increases insulin and GLP-1 responses to gastric glucose in association with normalized islet topography in mice with beta-cell-specific overexpression of human islet amyloid polypeptide.

  Regulatory peptides 20071004

• GLP-1-based therapy of type 2 diabetes: GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-IV inhibitors.

  Current diabetes reports 20071001

• Comparison between vildagliptin and metformin to sustain reductions in HbA(1c) over 1 year in drug-naïve patients with Type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 20070901

• Dose proportionality and the effect of food on vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20070901

• Incretin-based treatment of type 2 diabetes: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20070901

• The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin: robust glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and beyond.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20070901

• Does addition of vildagliptin to metformin monotherapy improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

  Nature clinical practice. Endocrinology & metabolism 20070801

• Antidiabetic medications in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes: drawbacks of current drugs and potential advantages of incretin-based treatment on body weight.

  International journal of clinical practice. Supplement 20070801

• Antihyperglycaemic therapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: potential role of incretin mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors.

  International journal of clinical practice. Supplement 20070801

• Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition and vildagliptin therapy for type 2 diabetes.

  International journal of clinical practice. Supplement 20070801

• Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and the incretin system in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Pharmacotherapy 20070801

• Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions between vildagliptin and digoxin in healthy volunteers.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20070801

• Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

  JAMA 20070711

• The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin.

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• A review of the effects of antihyperglycaemic agents on body weight: the potential of incretin targeted therapies.

  Current medical research and opinion 20070701

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  Diabetes care 20070601

• Addition of vildagliptin to insulin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetologia 20070601

• Which patients are candidates for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors?

  American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 20070601

• Vildagliptin: a novel oral therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 20070601

• New treatments for diabetes.

  The New England journal of medicine 20070524

• Dipeptidyl peptidase 8/9-like activity in human leukocytes.

  Journal of leukocyte biology 20070501

• Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition on gastrointestinal function, meal appearance, and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes.

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  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20070501

• The role of vildagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20070501

• Effect of the novel oral dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects.

  Current medical research and opinion 20070501

• Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin monotherapy in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetes research and clinical practice 20070401

• The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses endogenous glucose production and enhances islet function after single-dose administration in type 2 diabetic patients.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20070401

• Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control over 24 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.

  Diabetes care 20070401

• beta-cell failure in diabetes and preservation by clinical treatment.

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  Orvosi hetilap 20070401

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• [Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes].

  Revue medicale de Liege 20070401

• Review of sitagliptin phosphate: a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes.

  Vascular health and risk management 20070401

• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity 20070401

• 3-[2-((2S)-2-cyano-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethylamino]-3-methyl-butyramide analogues as selective DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of type-II diabetes.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20070301

• Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors: a major new class of oral antidiabetic drug.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20070301

• Vildagliptin in combination with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing thiazolidinedione monotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20070301

• Efficacy and tolerability of initial combination therapy with vildagliptin and pioglitazone compared with component monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20070301

• Vildagliptin in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study.

  Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20070301

• Comparison of vildagliptin and rosiglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial.

  Diabetes care 20070201

• Incretins: a new treatment option for type 2 diabetes?

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• Gliptins.

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• Liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, reduces body weight and food intake in obese candy-fed rats, whereas a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, does not.

  Diabetes 20070101

• Vildagliptin does not affect C-peptide clearance in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  Journal of clinical pharmacology 20070101

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  The Diabetes educator 20070101

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  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20070101

• 11 Years of cyanopyrrolidines as DPP-IV inhibitors.

  Current topics in medicinal chemistry 20070101

• Vildagliptin was noninferior to rosiglitazone for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes but caused less weight gain.

  ACP journal club 20070101

• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Clinical pharmacokinetics 20070101

• The absolute oral bioavailability and population-based pharmacokinetic modelling of a novel dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, in healthy volunteers.

  Clinical pharmacokinetics 20070101

• Vildagliptin was effective as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.

  ACP journal club 20070101

• Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and their role in Type 2 diabetes management.

  Journal of endocrinological investigation 20070101

• 7-But-2-ynyl-9-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-7,9-dihydro-purin-8-one is a novel competitive and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with an antihyperglycemic activity.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20061201

• Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors: A newly emerging drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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• The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.

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• How do different GLP-1 mimetics differ in their actions?

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• Exenatide: a novel approach for treatment of type 2 diabetes.

  Southern medical journal 20061101

• Discovery of 2-[4-{{2-(2S,5R)-2-cyano-5-ethynyl-1-pyrrolidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]- 4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (ABT-279): a very potent, selective, effective, and well-tolerated inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, useful for the treatment of diabetes.

  Journal of medicinal chemistry 20061019

• Vildagliptin therapy reduces postprandial intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetologia 20060901

• Targeting postprandial hyperglycemia.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20060901

• Oral agents for type 2 diabetes reduce HbA1c, are weight neutral.

  Geriatrics 20060901

• American Diabetes Association--66th scientific sessions. 9-13 June 2006, Washington, DC, USA.

  IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal 20060801

• Vildagliptin: a novel DPP-4 inhibitor with pancreatic islet enhancement activity for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.

  Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) 20060801

• Therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on incretin action.

  Minerva endocrinologica 20060601

• Twelve-week monotherapy with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

  Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20060601

• Molecule of the month. Vildagilptin.

  Drug news & perspectives 20060501

• Diabetes: assessing the pipeline.

  Atherosclerosis. Supplements 20060401

• Vildagliptin: an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with antidiabetic properties.

  Expert opinion on investigational drugs 20060401

• Newer therapeutic options for children with diabetes mellitus: theoretical and practical considerations.

  Pediatric diabetes 20060401

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20060401

• [Dipeptidylpeptidase IV inhibitors and dual action PPAR-agonists].

  Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten 20060301

• T-cell activation via CD26 and caveolin-1 in rheumatoid synovium.

  Modern rheumatology 20060201

• 2-[3-[2-[(2S)-2-Cyano-1-pyrrolidinyl]-2-oxoethylamino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptide-derived inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

  Journal of medicinal chemistry 20060112

• Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV converts intact B-type natriuretic peptide into its des-SerPro form.

  Clinical chemistry 20060101

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20060101

• Therapeutic options in development for management of diabetes: pharmacologic agents and new technologies.

  Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 20060101

• Vildagliptin.

  Drugs 20060101

• Basic Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Practical guidelines.

  The Libyan journal of medicine 20060101

• Acute and chronic effects of the incretin enhancer vildagliptin in insulin-resistant rats.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20051101

• Improved glycaemic control with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes: vildagliptin (LAF237) dose response.

  Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20051101

• Beta-cell expression of a dominant-negative HNF-1alpha compromises the ability of inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 to elicit a long-term augmentation of insulin secretion in mice.

  European journal of pharmacology 20051003

• Incretins: what does the future hold?

  Diabetes technology & therapeutics 20051001

• Alpha cell function in health and disease: influence of glucagon-like peptide-1.

  Diabetologia 20050901

• Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, improves model-assessed beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20050801

• Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year.

  Diabetes care 20050801

• American Diabetes Association - 65th Scientific Sessions. DDP-IV inhibitors.

  IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal 20050801

• Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV catalyzed peptide truncation by Vildagliptin ((2S)-{[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile).

  Biochemical pharmacology 20050701

• Glutamic acid analogues as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV and 8 inhibitors.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20050701

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20050601

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20050301

• Novel isoindoline compounds for potent and selective inhibition of prolyl dipeptidase DPP8.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20050201

• Glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  Treatments in endocrinology 20050101

• New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on incretins.

  The review of diabetic studies : RDS 20050101

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20041201

• Gateways to clinical trials.

  Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology 20041101

• 4-Amino cyclohexylglycine analogues as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20040105

• 1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor with antihyperglycemic properties.

  Journal of medicinal chemistry 20030619