304-20-1 | Hydralazine HCl

Packsize	Purity	Availability	Price	Discounted Price
1g	98%	in stock	$25.00	$18.00
5g	98%	in stock	$50.00	$35.00
25g	98%	in stock	$184.00	$129.00

Description

• Catalog Number: AB39774
• Chemical Name: Hydralazine HCl
• CAS Number: 304-20-1
• Molecular Formula: C8H9ClN4
• Molecular Weight: 196.6369
• MDL Number: MFCD00135998
• SMILES: NNc1nncc2c1cccc2.Cl

Computed Properties

• Complexity: 150
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
• Heavy Atom Count: 13
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1

Literature

• Acrolein enhances epigenetic modifications, FasL expression and hepatocyte toxicity induced by anti-HIV drug Zidovudine.

  Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 20160901

• Diesel exhaust induced pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment: the role of hypertension intervention.

  Toxicology and applied pharmacology 20130415

• Cardiovascular disease is associated with high-fat-diet-induced liver damage and up-regulation of the hepatic expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in a rat model.

  Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 20130101

• Synthesis, characterization, biological activity and equilibrium studies of metal(II) ion complexes with tridentate hydrazone ligand derived from hydralazine.

  Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 20121201

• Chaperone heat shock protein 90 mobilization and hydralazine cytoprotection against acrolein-induced carbonyl stress.

  Molecular pharmacology 20121101

• Iron chelation inhibits the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling.

  Free radical biology & medicine 20121101

• Regulation of vascular tone and pulse wave velocity in human muscular conduit arteries: selective effects of nitric oxide donors to dilate muscular arteries relative to resistance vessels.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20121101

• Selective PDE5A inhibition with sildenafil rescues left ventricular dysfunction, inflammatory immune response and cardiac remodeling in angiotensin II-induced heart failure in vivo.

  Basic research in cardiology 20121101

• Favorable effects of vasodilators on left ventricular remodeling in asymptomatic patients with chronic moderate-severe aortic regurgitation and normal ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

  Clinical cardiology 20121001

• Sympathoinhibition caused by orally administered telmisartan through inhibition of the AT₁ receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of hypertensive rats.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20120901

• Effect of fixed-dose combined isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine in elderly patients in the African-American heart failure trial.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20120801

• Enhanced intrarenal receptor-mediated prorenin activation in chronic progressive anti-thymocyte serum nephritis rats on high salt intake.

  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20120701

• Hydralazine as a selective probe inactivator of aldehyde oxidase in human hepatocytes: estimation of the contribution of aldehyde oxidase to metabolic clearance.

  Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 20120701

• Valproic acid cooperates with hydralazine to augment the susceptibility of human osteosarcoma cells to Fas- and NK cell-mediated cell death.

  International journal of oncology 20120701

• Natriuretic peptide receptor guanylyl cyclase-A protects podocytes from aldosterone-induced glomerular injury.

  Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 20120701

• Epigenetic therapy with hydralazine and magnesium valproate reverses imatinib resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

  Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 20120601

• Treatment of nuclear-donor cells or cloned zygotes with chromatin-modifying agents increases histone acetylation but does not improve full-term development of cloned cattle.

  Cellular reprogramming 20120601

• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

  Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 20120601

• Vaccination against the angiotensin type 1 receptor for the prevention of L-NAME-induced nephropathy.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20120501

• Early treatment with olmesartan prevents juxtamedullary glomerular podocyte injury and the onset of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic rats.

  American journal of hypertension 20120501

• A race-based detour to personalized medicine.

  CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 20120417

• Aldosterone does not contribute to renal p21 expression during the development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice.

  American journal of hypertension 20120301

• Characterization of aldehyde oxidase enzyme activity in cryopreserved human hepatocytes.

  Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 20120201

• Novel mechanism of angiotensin II-induced cardiac injury in hypertensive rats: the critical role of ASK1 and VEGF.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20120201

• Hydralazine-induced lupus erythematosis.

  Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) 20120201

• The short life of a race drug.

  Lancet (London, England) 20120114

• Evaluation of teratogenic effects of risperidone following simultaneous administration with antihypertensive and antiemetic drugs.

  Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences 20120101

• DNA methylation-independent reversion of gemcitabine resistance by hydralazine in cervical cancer cells.

  PloS one 20120101

• DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) inhibitors radiosensitize human cancer cells by suppressing DNA repair activity.

  Radiation oncology (London, England) 20120101

• Attenuation of mouse somatic and emotional inflammatory pain by hydralazine through scavenging acrolein and inhibiting neuronal activation.

  Pain physician 20120101

• Letter by Taylor et al regarding article, 'Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate in heart failure: historical perspectives, mechanisms, and future directions'.

  Circulation 20111206

• A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of chemotherapy plus epigenetic therapy with hydralazine valproate for advanced cervical cancer. Preliminary results.

  Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 20111201

• Upregulation of NKG2D ligands and enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity by hydralazine and valproate.

  International journal of oncology 20111201

• Combination of thiazolidinedione and hydralazine suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis by PPARγ up-expression in MDA-MB-231 cells.

  Experimental and molecular pathology 20111201

• Committee Opinion no. 514: emergent therapy for acute-onset, severe hypertension with preeclampsia or eclampsia.

  Obstetrics and gynecology 20111201

• Natural history of end-stage LV dysfunction: has it improved from the classic Franciosa and Cohn Graph?

  Cardiology clinics 20111101

• Rationale and design of the Newer Versus Older Antihypertensive Agents in African Hypertensive Patients (NOAAH) trial.

  Blood pressure 20111001

• Scalable synthesis of 1-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamine via a hydrohydrazination reaction.

  Organic letters 20110902

• Acrolein scavengers: reactivity, mechanism and impact on health.

  Molecular nutrition & food research 20110901

• Hydralazine-induced promoter demethylation enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase and calcium homeostasis in cardiac myocytes.

  Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 20110901

• Older blood pressure medications-do they still have a place?

  The American journal of cardiology 20110715

• Atrial fibrillation and mortality in African American patients with heart failure: results from the African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT).

  American heart journal 20110701

• Antiatherogenic effect of bisvanillyl-hydralazone, a new hydralazine derivative with antioxidant, carbonyl scavenger, and antiapoptotic properties.

  Antioxidants & redox signaling 20110601

• Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate in heart failure: historical perspective, mechanisms, and future directions.

  Circulation 20110531

• Temporary treatment with AT1 receptor blocker, valsartan, from early stage of hypertension prevented vascular remodeling.

  American journal of hypertension 20110501

• Angiotensin-(1-7) blockade attenuates captopril- or hydralazine-induced cardiovascular protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20110501

• A tale of two rashes.

  The American journal of medicine 20110501

• Postpartum preeclampsia: emergency department presentation and management.

  The Journal of emergency medicine 20110401

• Hydralazine and magnesium valproate as epigenetic treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome. Preliminary results of a phase-II trial.

  Annals of hematology 20110401

• Antihypertensive therapy increases tetrahydrobiopterin levels and NO/cGMP signaling in small arteries of angiotensin II-infused hypertensive rats.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20110301

• Tetrahydrobiopterin and hypertension: more than an emigrating story.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20110301

• Estrogen receptor-beta signals left ventricular hypertrophy sex differences in normotensive deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt mice.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20110301

• Inhibition of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat model.

  Life sciences 20110214

• Changes in angiotensin receptors expression play a pivotal role in the renal damage observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20110201

• Transcriptional changes induced by epigenetic therapy with hydralazine and magnesium valproate in cervical carcinoma.

  Oncology reports 20110201

• Aldosterone/Mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation induces cellular senescence in the kidney.

  Endocrinology 20110201

• Question: does isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine therapy benefit systolic heart failure patients with renal insufficiency?

  The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association 20110201

• Anti-acrolein treatment improves behavioral outcome and alleviates myelin damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse.

  Neuroscience 20110126

• Identification of clinically used drugs that activate pregnane X receptors.

  Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 20110101

• Bradykinin B2 receptor-dependent enhancement of enalapril-evoked hypotension in ethanol-fed female rats.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20110101

• Combretastatin-induced hypertension and the consequences for its combination with other therapies.

  Vascular pharmacology 20110101

• Changes in fetal and maternal Doppler parameters observed during acute severe hypertension treatment with hydralazine or labetalol: a randomized controlled trial.

  Ultrasound in medicine & biology 20110101

• Grassroots marketing in a global era: more lessons from BiDil.

  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 20110101

• Iterative CT reconstruction of aortic intramural hematoma.

  Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 20110101

• Comparison of the efficacy of nifedipine and hydralazine in hypertensive crisis in pregnancy.

  Acta medica Iranica 20110101

• Antihypertensive treatment differentially affects vascular sphingolipid biology in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  PloS one 20110101

• Hydralazine modifies Aβ fibril formation and prevents modification by lipids in vitro.

  Biochemistry 20101214

• Angiotensin II overcomes strain-dependent resistance of rapid CKD progression in a new remnant kidney mouse model.

  Kidney international 20101201

• Connective tissue growth factor induction in a pressure-overloaded heart ameliorated by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20101201

• Drug-induced lupus: an update.

  Autoimmunity reviews 20101101

• Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20101101

• Mineralocorticoid receptor activation contributes to salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in prepubertal Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

  Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 20100901

• HDAC inhibition attenuates inflammatory, hypertrophic, and hypertensive responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20100901

• Hydralazine for essential hypertension.

  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 20100804

• Central and peripheral mechanisms of T-lymphocyte activation and vascular inflammation produced by angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

  Circulation research 20100723

• Primary care physicians' attitudes regarding race-based therapies.

  Journal of general internal medicine 20100501

• Losartan increases NO release in afferent arterioles during regression of L-NAME-induced renal damage.

  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20100501

• Clinical pearls in cardiology.

  Mayo Clinic proceedings 20100501

• Platinum-catalyzed intramolecular hydrohydrazination: evidence for alkene insertion into a Pt-N bond.

  Journal of the American Chemical Society 20100414

• Hydralazine does not ameliorate nitric oxide resistance in chronic heart failure.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20100401

• Effect of olmesartan and pravastatin on experimental cerebral aneurysms in rats.

  Brain research 20100331

• High-salt diet increases plasma adiponectin levels independent of blood pressure in hypertensive rats: the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

  Journal of hypertension 20100101

• Aliskiren prevents cardiovascular complications and pancreatic injury in a mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

  Diabetologia 20100101

• Racial differences in heart failure therapeutics.

  Heart failure clinics 20100101

• Role of angiotensin II in the remodeling induced by a chronic increase in flow in rat mesenteric resistance arteries.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20100101

• Treatment of hypertension in the inpatient setting: use of intravenous labetalol and hydralazine.

  Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) 20100101

• Epigenetic therapy and cisplatin chemoradiation in FIGO stage IIIB cervical cancer.

  European journal of gynaecological oncology 20100101

• Hypoxic pre-conditioning in a rat renal ischemia model: an evaluation of the use of hydralazine.

  World journal of urology 20091201

• Olmesartan reduces oxidative stress in the brain of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats assessed by an in vivo ESR method.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20091201

• Acrolein scavenging: a potential novel mechanism of attenuating oxidative stress following spinal cord injury.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20091201

• Dysfunctional corin i555(p568) allele is associated with impaired brain natriuretic peptide processing and adverse outcomes in blacks with systolic heart failure: results from the Genetic Risk Assessment in Heart Failure substudy.

  Circulation. Heart failure 20091101

• Symptomatic and hemodynamic benefit of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate and hydralazine in a case of congestive heart failure.

  Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 20091001

• Angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan cilexetil, but not hydralazine hydrochloride, protects against mouse cardiac enlargement resulting from undernutrition in utero.

  Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 20091001

• Drug-induced lupus: an update on its dermatologic aspects.

  Lupus 20091001

• The effect of recombinant aminopeptidase A (APA) on hypertension in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

  Early human development 20090901

• Effects of fixed-dose isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine on diastolic function and exercise capacity in hypertension-induced diastolic heart failure.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20090901

• Heart failure in women: a need for prospective data.

  Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20090804

• Evidence for a noradrenergic mechanism causing hypertension and abnormal glucose metabolism in rats with relative deficiency of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

  Experimental physiology 20090801

• Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine as therapy for African Americans with heart failure; a failed paradigm?

  Clinical and translational science 20090801

• Covalent binding of penicillamine to macrophages: implications for penicillamine-induced autoimmunity.

  Chemical research in toxicology 20090701

• Renal medullary effects of transient prehypertensive treatment in young spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 20090601

• ANG II infusion promotes abdominal aortic aneurysms independent of increased blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic mice.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20090501

• Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics studies of hydralazine with human DNA methyltransferase 1.

  ChemMedChem 20090501

• Favorable cardiac and aortic remodeling in olmesartan-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Heart and vessels 20090501

• [Fever induced by various drugs].

  Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology 20090501

• Usefulness of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine as add-on therapy in patients discharged for advanced decompensated heart failure.

  The American journal of cardiology 20090415

• Uremic cardiac hypertrophy is reversed by rapamycin but not by lowering of blood pressure.

  Kidney international 20090401

• Lowering blood pressure blocks mesangiolysis and mesangial nodules, but not tubulointerstitial injury, in diabetic eNOS knockout mice.

  The American journal of pathology 20090401

• Protective effects of angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade in malignant hypertension in the rat.

  European journal of pharmacology 20090401

• Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) polymorphisms in African Americans with heart failure: results from the A-HeFT trial.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20090401

• Hydralazine inhibits human cervical cancer cell growth in vitro in association with APC demethylation and re-expression.

  Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 20090301

• Formulation development of oral controlled release tablets of hydralazine: optimization of drug release and bioadhesive characteristics.

  Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) 20090301

• Have we witnessed the rise and fall of race-specific drugs?

  Clinical therapeutics 20090301

• Effectiveness of hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate in racial/ethnic subgroups with heart failure.

  Clinical therapeutics 20090301

• Pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of preeclampsia.

  American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 20090215

• Pharmacologically induced angiogenesis in transgenic zebrafish.

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20090123

• Drug-induced lupus erythematosus.

  Archives of dermatological research 20090101

• 'Pulse' treatment with high-dose angiotensin blocker reverses renal arteriolar hypertrophy and regresses hypertension.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20090101

• Urinary oxidative stress markers closely reflect the efficacy of candesartan treatment for diabetic nephropathy.

  Nephron. Experimental nephrology 20090101

• From the editors.

  Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees 20090101

• Race-based medicine and justice as recognition: exploring the phenomenon of BiDil.

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• Hydralazine-induced cholestatic hepatitis.

  American journal of therapeutics 20090101

• Bioactivation of organic nitrates and the mechanism of nitrate tolerance.

  Cardiology journal 20090101

• Hydralazine-induced ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis: a case report and literature review.

  Renal failure 20090101

• Improvement of endothelial function of the corpus cavernosum in apolipoprotein E knockout mice treated with irbesartan.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20081201

• Increased tissue perfusion promotes capillary dysplasia in the ALK1-deficient mouse brain following VEGF stimulation.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20081201

• Telmisartan prevents aneurysm progression in the rat by inhibiting proteolysis, apoptosis and inflammation.

  Journal of hypertension 20081201

• Azelnidipine decreases sympathetic nerve activity via antioxidant effect in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20081201

• Isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine: its role in the treatment of heart failure.

  Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) 20081201

• Blood pressure versus direct mineralocorticoid effects on kidney inflammation and fibrosis in DOCA-salt hypertension.

  Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 20081101

• Excess salt causes cerebral neuronal apoptosis and inflammation in stroke-prone hypertensive rats through angiotensin II-induced NADPH oxidase activation.

  Stroke 20081101

• Exploring the potential synergistic action of spironolactone on nitric oxide-enhancing therapy: insights from the African-American Heart Failure Trial.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20081101

• Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in NKCC1-deficient mice.

  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20081001

• [Recent findings on nitrates: their action, bioactivation and development of tolerance].

  Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 20081001

• Chronic intake of a phytochemical-enriched diet reduces cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction caused by prolonged salt-sensitive hypertension.

  The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 20081001

• Candesartan-induced gene expression in five organs of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20081001

• Exploiting race in drug development: BiDil's interim model of pharmacogenomics.

  Social studies of science 20081001

• Simultaneous posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, cerebral border zone infarction, and spinal cord infarction after correction of malignant hypertension.

  Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society 20080901

• Role of cardiac hypertrophy in reducing the sensitivity of cardiopulmonary reflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20080901

• Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based drug delivery system to rescue acrolein-mediated cell death.

  Nanomedicine (London, England) 20080801

• Pharmacogenetics, race and global injustice.

  Developing world bioethics 20080801

• Hypertension induces somatic cellular senescence in rats and humans by induction of cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20080701

• Pharmacotherapy for heart failure with left ventricular dysfunction: beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers.

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  Intensive care medicine 20080601

• Bidil: recontextualizing the race debate.

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• Hypertension impairs postnatal vasculogenesis: role of antihypertensive agents.

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• Perioperative hypertension management.

  Vascular health and risk management 20080601

• Epigenetic and HIF-1 regulation of stanniocalcin-2 expression in human cancer cells.

  Experimental cell research 20080501

• Human atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses torsades de pointes in rabbits.

  Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 20080501

• DNA methylation in T cells from idiopathic lupus and drug-induced lupus patients.

  Autoimmunity reviews 20080501

• Deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt mice exhibit blood pressure-independent sexual dimorphism.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20080401

• Effect of endothelin receptor antagonists on ventricular susceptibility in postinfarcted rats.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20080401

• Accelerated cytotoxic mechanism screening of hydralazine using an in vitro hepatocyte inflammatory cell peroxidase model.

  Chemical research in toxicology 20080401

• Carbonyl-scavenging drugs & protection against carbonyl stress-associated cell injury.

  Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 20080401

• BiDil flops.

  Nature biotechnology 20080301

• Hydralazine inhibits compression and acrolein-mediated injuries in ex vivo spinal cord.

  Journal of neurochemistry 20080201

• Overexpression of angiotensinogen increases tubular apoptosis in diabetes.

  Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 20080201

• Effects of combined AT1 receptor antagonist/NEP inhibitor on vascular remodeling and cardiac fibrosis in SHRSP.

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• [Special place of PETN among nitrates. No tolerance development, fewer headaches].

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• Sustained hypertension increases the density of AMPA receptor subunit, GluR1, in baroreceptive regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat.

  Brain research 20080102

• Applicability of recent methods used to estimate spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity to resting mice.

  American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20080101

• Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibition on arterial blood pressure.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20080101

• Magnesium sulphate therapy in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Kuwait.

  Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre 20080101

• Introduction: Facts and fictions: BiDil and the resurgence of racial medicine.

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  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 20080101

• Popular representations of race: the news coverage of BiDil.

  The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 20080101

• Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (Flt1) and apoptosis in the preeclamptic placenta and effects of in vivo anti-hypertensive exposure.

  Hypertension in pregnancy 20080101

• [Osteogenesis of human vascular endothelial cells in culture].

  Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion 20080101

• Synergetic antioxidant and vasodilatory action of carbon monoxide in angiotensin II - induced cardiac hypertrophy.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20071201

• Novel mechanism and role of angiotensin II induced vascular endothelial injury in hypertensive diastolic heart failure.

  Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 20071201

• The effects of hydralazine on lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 20071201

• Persistent hypertension and progressive renal injury induced by salt overload after short term nitric oxide inhibition.

  Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 20071201

• Blood pressure control in Hispanics in the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20071101

• Intermolecular protein cross-linking during acrolein toxicity: efficacy of carbonyl scavengers as inhibitors of heat shock protein-90 cross-linking in A549 cells.

  Chemical research in toxicology 20071101

• [Drug-induced lupus erythematosus].

  Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 20071028

• Genetic disruption of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A upregulates ACE and AT1 receptor gene expression and signaling: role in cardiac hypertrophy.

  Physiological genomics 20071022

• Chronic sodium hydrosulfide treatment decreases medial thickening of intramyocardial coronary arterioles, interstitial fibrosis, and ROS production in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20071001

• Amlodipine inhibits granulation tissue cell apoptosis through reducing calcineurin activity to attenuate postinfarction cardiac remodeling.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20071001

• Reducing blood pressure in SHR with enalapril provokes redistribution of NHE3, NaPi2, and NCC and decreases NaPi2 and ACE abundance.

  American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20071001

• Olmesartan ameliorates renovascular injury and oxidative stress in Zucker obese rats enhanced by dietary protein.

  American journal of hypertension 20071001

• A phase II study of epigenetic therapy with hydralazine and magnesium valproate to overcome chemotherapy resistance in refractory solid tumors.

  Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 20070901

• Simvastatin reverses target organ damage and oxidative stress in Angiotensin II hypertension: comparison with apocynin, tempol, and hydralazine.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20070901

• Evidence for the continued safety and tolerability of fixed-dose isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine in patients with chronic heart failure (the extension to African-American Heart Failure Trial).

  The American journal of cardiology 20070815

• BiDil for heart failure in black patients.

  Annals of internal medicine 20070807

• BiDil for heart failure in black patients.

  Annals of internal medicine 20070807

• Cardioprotective effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist associated with bradykinin-endothelial nitric oxide synthase and oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.

  Journal of hypertension 20070801

• A randomised comparison of hydralazine and mini-bolus diazoxide for hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy: the PIVOT trial.

  The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 20070801

• Angiotensin inhibition decreases progression of advanced atherosclerosis and stabilizes established atherosclerotic plaques.

  Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 20070801

• Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Endocrine journal 20070801

• Race in a bottle. Drugmakers are eager to develop medicines targeted at ethnic groups, but so far they have made poor choices based on unsound science.

  Scientific American 20070801

• Paradoxical role of angiotensin II type 2 receptors in resistance arteries of old rats.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20070701

• Prevention of hypertension abrogates early inflammatory events in the retina of diabetic hypertensive rats.

  Experimental eye research 20070701

• The paradox of race in the Bidil debate.

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• BiDil: primary care physicians first and cardiologist when?

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• Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in a fixed-dose combination produces further regression of left ventricular remodeling in a well-treated black population with heart failure: results from A-HeFT.

  Journal of cardiac failure 20070601

• Early and sustained benefit on event-free survival and heart failure hospitalization from fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine: consistency across subgroups in the African-American Heart Failure Trial.

  Circulation 20070403

• Blood pressure lowering after experimental cerebral ischemia provides neurovascular protection.

  Journal of hypertension 20070401

• African American heart failure trial: role of endothelial dysfunction and heart failure in African Americans.

  The American journal of cardiology 20070326

• Isosorbide dinitrate-hydralazine improves outcomes in African Americans with heart failure.

  Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine 20070301

• Presentation and outcome of eclampsia at a Nigerian university hospital.

  Nigerian journal of clinical practice 20070301

• Time course of vascular arginase expression and activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Life sciences 20070227

• Medicalisation of race.

  Lancet (London, England) 20070224

• ANG II type 1A receptor signaling causes unfavorable scar dynamics in the postinfarct heart.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20070201

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  American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20070201

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  Kidney international 20040101

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  Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20030403

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  Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 20020501

• Effects of antihypertensive drugs on ultrasound production and cardiovascular responses in 15-day-old rats.

  Behavioural brain research 20020401

• Relaxing effect of CEDO 8956 and hydralazine HCl in cultured smooth muscle cells versus pericytes: a preliminary study.

  Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde 20020401

• Vesicular glutamate transporter DNPI/VGLUT2 is expressed by both C1 adrenergic and nonaminergic presympathetic vasomotor neurons of the rat medulla.

  The Journal of comparative neurology 20020312

• Fosinopril improves left ventricular diastolic function in young mildly hypertensive patients without hypertrophy.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 20020301

• Important role of Rho-kinase in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular inflammation and remodeling induced by long-term blockade of nitric oxide synthesis in rats.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20020201

• Effects of dihydropyridine-type Ca2+ antagonists on the renal arterial tree in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20020101

• Management of heart failure in the elderly.

  Heart failure reviews 20020101

• L-arginine augments cardiac vagal control in healthy human subjects.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20020101

• The renin-angiotensin and adrenergic nervous system in cardiac hypertrophy in fructose-fed rats.

  American journal of hypertension 20020101

• Nifedipine or hydralazine as a first-line agent to control hypertension in severe preeclampsia.

  Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 20020101

• Neuroprotective effect of treatment with calcium antagonists on hypertensive retina.

  Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 20020101

• Quantitative image analysis of choroid and retinal vasculature in SHR: a model of cerebrovascular hypertensive changes?

  Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 20020101

• Congestive heart failure: what should be the initial therapy and why?

  American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions 20020101

• The direct effect of insulin on barosensitive neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats.

  Neuroreport 20011204

• Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure.

  Circulation 20011120

• Mechanisms of hydralazine induced vasodilation in rabbit aorta and pulmonary artery.

  British journal of pharmacology 20011001

• Changes of retinal neurons and glial fibrillary acid protein immunoreactive astrocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Journal of hypertension 20011001

• The effect of vasodilators on aspirin-induced antagonism of t-PA thrombolysis.

  Neurological research 20011001

• Spinal nicotinic receptor activity in a genetic model of hypertension.

  Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993) 20011001

• Antihypertensive drugs induce structural remodeling of the penile vasculature.

  The Journal of urology 20010801

• Persistent cardiovascular effects of chronic renin-angiotensin system inhibition following withdrawal in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Journal of hypertension 20010801

• Influence of treatment with Ca(2+) antagonists on cerebral vasculature of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Mechanisms of ageing and development 20010601

• Left ventricular diastolic heart failure with normal left ventricular systolic function in older persons.

  The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 20010501

• Tailored treatments.

  Trends in pharmacological sciences 20010501

• Pressure-independent enhancement of cardiac hypertrophy in natriuretic peptide receptor A-deficient mice.

  The Journal of clinical investigation 20010415

• Photodynamic therapy with hypericin in a mouse P388 tumor model: vascular effects determine the efficacy.

  International journal of oncology 20010401

• AT1 receptor antagonist combats oxidative stress and restores nitric oxide signaling in the SHR.

  Kidney international 20010401

• Temporary treatment of prepubescent rats with angiotensin inhibitors suppresses the development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis.

  Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 20010401

• Oxytocin antagonist disrupts hypotension-evoked renin secretion and other responses in conscious rats.

  American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20010301

• Influence of hydralazine administration on oxygenation in spontaneous and transplanted tumor models.

  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 20010301

• L-Arginine improves endothelial function in renal artery of hypertensive Dahl rats.

  Journal of hypertension 20010301

• The influence of chronic antihypertensive treatment on the central pressor response in SHR.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20010301

• The generalizability of trial data; a comparison of beta-blocker trial participants with a prospective cohort of women taking beta-blockers in pregnancy.

  European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 20010201

• Left ventricle and arteries: structure, function, hormones, and disease.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20010201

• Influence of metabolic activation on the induction of micronuclei by antihypertensive drugs in L929 cells.

  Archives of toxicology 20010201

• Occurrence and distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing cells in the left ventricle of hypertensive rats. Effect of antihypertensive treatment.

  Cell and tissue research 20010101

• Factor analysis, including antihypertensive medication, of the outcome of pregnancy in pregnancy-associated hypertension.

  Kidney & blood pressure research 20010101

• Antihypertensive treatment decreased serum leptin levels in severe preeclampsia during pregnancy.

  Annals of nutrition & metabolism 20010101

• Lisinopril reduces left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac polyamine concentrations without a reduction in left ventricular wall stress in transgenic Tsukuba hypertensive mice.

  Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20001101

• Nephroprotective effect of treatment with calcium channel blockers in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20000901

• Drug-associated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis: prevalence among patients with high titers of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies.

  Arthritis and rheumatism 20000201

• The antihypertensive hydralazine is an efficient scavenger of acrolein.

  Redox report : communications in free radical research 20000101

• Ventricular adrenomedullin levels correlate with the extent of cardiac hypertrophy in rats.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 19990501

• Urocortin and inflammation: confounding effects of hypotension on measures of inflammation.

  Neuroimmunomodulation 19990101

• Dissociation of blood pressure reduction from end-organ damage in TGR(mREN2)27 transgenic hypertensive rats.

  Journal of hypertension 19981201

• The effects of pentobarbital on blood-brain barrier disruption caused by intracarotid injection of hyperosmolar mannitol in rats.

  Anesthesia and analgesia 19980601

• Regulation of glomerular TGF-beta expression in the contralateral kidney of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats.

  Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 19980501

• Investigation of the inhibitory effect of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on the antihypertensive effect of the angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, GR138950.

  British journal of pharmacology 19971201

• Hydralazine inhibits human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation and collagen synthesis.

  Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 19961101

• Early genes induction in spontaneously hypertensive rats left ventricle with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors but not hydralazine.

  Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 19951201

• Effect of beraprost sodium, a stable prostacyclin analogue, on pulmonary thromboembolism in mice.

  Thrombosis research 19950115

• Angiotensin II maintains, but does not mediate, isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats.

  The American journal of physiology 19941001

• Management of eclampsia.

  Seminars in perinatology 19940401

• Hydralazine predisposes to acute cutaneous vasculitis following urography with iopamidol.

  The British journal of dermatology 19930701

• Alteration of cardiac collagen phenotypes in hypertensive hypertrophy: role of blood pressure.

  Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 19930201

• Role of cardiac angiotensin II in isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 19920601

• Myocardial ischemia during vasodilator therapy in a canine model of pulmonary hypertension and coronary insufficiency.

  Anesthesiology 19920501

• Action of hydrazine drugs in tumor-free and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated male rats.

  Oncology research 19920101

• A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure.

  The New England journal of medicine 19910801

• Renal arteriolar diameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Vascular cast study.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 19910701

• Effects of hydralazine and increased cardiac output on recombinant tissue plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis in canine pulmonary embolism.

  Chest 19910301

• Cocaine intoxication associated with abruptio placentae.

  Journal of the National Medical Association 19910301

• Cardiotoxicity of hydralazine and minoxidil in the rat. Influence of age.

  Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology 19910201

• Hemodynamic effects of adenosine agonists in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat.

  The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 19900901

• Acute cocaine toxicity: antagonism by agents interacting with adrenoceptors.

  Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 19900601

• Changes of atrial natriuretic peptide and its messenger RNA with development and regression of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats.

  Circulation research 19900101

• Hydralazine-induced cholestatic jaundice following liver transplantation.

  Transplantation 19890101

• Antihypertensive effect of felodipine or hydralazine when added to beta-blocker therapy.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 19880701

• Additive effects of dihydralazine during enflurane or isoflurane hypotensive anaesthesia for spinal fusion.

  Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie 19880501

• [Effects of cadralazine on the respiration, circulation, kidney, autonomic nervous system, digestive system, blood and so on].

  Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica 19880401

• Comparative study on the short-term effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (Lopirin, SQUIBB and Tensiomin), and dihydralazine in chronic cardiac failure.

  Acta physiologica Hungarica 19880101

• Sympathetic activity in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Influence of captopril and hydralazine.

  Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 19870801

• Reversal by hypothermia of vasodilator-induced tachycardia in anesthetized rats.

  Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie 19870801

• Vasodilators and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hydralazine versus prazosin in hypertensive humans.

  The American journal of medicine 19870501

• Influence of blood pressure on development of aortic medial smooth muscle hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 19870201

• Effect of isoprenaline on tissue elastin content and serum elastolytic activity in normal and hydrazinophthalazine-treated rats.

  Biomedica biochimica acta 19870101

• Hemodynamic effects of hydralazine in infants with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure.

  American heart journal 19870101

• Antihypertensive drugs inhibit hypertension-associated aortic DNA synthesis in the rat.

  Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 19861201

• Control of hypertension following carotid endarterectomy.

  The American surgeon 19861101

• Effects of captopril and a combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate on myocardial sympathetic tone in patients with severe congestive heart failure.

  British heart journal 19860801

• Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat.

  The Journal of clinical investigation 19860601

• Comparative study of endralazine and hydralazine for the treatment of hypertension uncontrolled by a beta-blocker and diuretic.

  Current medical research and opinion 19860101

• A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin and hydralazine in primary pulmonary hypertension.

  American heart journal 19851201

• Vasodilator effect of indapamide in dog mesenteric vasculature.

  Japanese journal of pharmacology 19851101

• Effects of hydralazine on pressure-volume and stress-volume relations in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

  The American journal of cardiology 19851001

• Therapeutic implications of hypertension-induced glomerular injury. Comparison of enalapril and a combination of hydralazine, reserpine, and hydrochlorothiazide in an experimental model.

  The American journal of medicine 19850927

• Acute hemodynamic effects of pinacidil and hydralazine in essential hypertension.

  Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 19850301

• Suppression of ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery ligation by pinacidil, a vasodilator drug.

  Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 19850101

• Effect of hydralazine on serial measurements of exchangeable sodium and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

  Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice 19850101

• Effects of felodipine on resistance and capacitance vessels in patients with essential hypertension.

  Drugs 19850101

• [Liver lesions induced by dihydralazine and propranolol].

  Zentralblatt fur allgemeine Pathologie u. pathologische Anatomie 19850101

• Hydralazine-induced cholangitis.

  Gastroenterology 19841101

• Combined alpha- and beta-receptor inhibition in the treatment of hypertension.

  Drugs 19840101

• Comparative actions of hydralazine, nifedipine and amrinone in primary pulmonary hypertension.

  The American journal of cardiology 19831101

• Simultaneous treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and orthostatic hypotension.

  The American journal of medicine 19830901

• Effects of hydralazine on cardiopulmonary function in canine low-pressure pulmonary edema.

  Anesthesiology 19830901

• Treatment of hypertension associated with head injury.

  Journal of neurosurgery 19830901

• Hemodynamic responses to combined therapy with captopril and hydralazine in patients with severe heart failure.

  Journal of the American College of Cardiology 19830801

• Some wrong-way chemical changes during antihypertensive treatment: comparison of indapamide and related agents.

  American heart journal 19830701

• Vasodilators in the treatment of hypertension.

  Comprehensive therapy 19821101

• Effects of hydralazine on coronary blood flow and myocardial energetics in congestive heart failure.

  Circulation 19820301

• Psychiatric side effects of antihypertensive drugs other than reserpine.

  Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 19820201

• Treatment of hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy.

  Clinical pharmacy 19820101

• A model for evaluation of postural hypotension induced by drugs in conscious restrained normotensive rats.

  Journal of pharmacological methods 19820101

• Acute vasodilator therapy increases renal clearance of digoxin in patients with congestive heart failure.

  Circulation 19811101

• Obstructive jaundice, pancytophenia and hydralazine.

  Lancet (London, England) 19810530

• Hydralazine-induced hepatitis.

  Hepato-gastroenterology 19810201

• Pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic effects of the antihypertensive drug budralazine.

  Arzneimittel-Forschung 19810101

• Studies in the rat on endralazine, a new antihypertensive drug structurally related to hydralazine.

  Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 19810101

• Correlation between decreased heart rate and central inhibition of sympathetic discharge after prazosin administration in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

  Clinical and experimental hypertension 19810101

• Effect of beta-receptor-blocking agents on cardiovascular structural changes in spontaneous and noradrenaline-induced hypertension in rats.

  Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 19801201

• Electrophysiologic properties of hydralazine in man.

  Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 19800901

• Prospective study of immune response to hydralazine and development of antideoxyribonucleoprotein in patients receiving hydralazine.

  The American journal of medicine 19800901

• [Hypotensive anaesthesia in the oto-rhino-laryngological surgery using nitroglycerine (author's transl)].

  Der Anaesthesist 19800501

• [Rare liver damage caused by an antihypertensive and anti-arrhythmic agents].

  Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete 19800401

• Immunological side-effects of antihypertensive drugs.

  Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum 19790101

• [Treatment of essential hypertension with a combination of propranolol, spironolactone-thiabutazide and dihydralazine (author's transl)].

  Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 19781020

• Effect of propranolol on sympathetic nervous activity in hydrallazine-treated hypertensive patients.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 19780901

• Renal plasma flow and cardiac output during hydralazine and propranolol treatment in essential hypertension.

  Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation 19780401

• Cardiovascular responses to mianserin hydrochloride: a comparison with tricyclic antidepressant drugs.

  British journal of clinical pharmacology 19780101

• Plasma renin concentration in essential hypertension during beta-adrenergic blockade and vasodilator therapy.

  European journal of clinical pharmacology 19771014

• Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs.

  Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 19770901

• Hypotension and bradycardia following diazoxide and hydralazine therapy.

  JAMA 19770606

• Some side-effects of alpha-methyldopa.

  South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 19760410

• Induction of antibodies to nuclear antigens in rabbits by immunization with hydralazine-human serum albumin conjugates.

  The Journal of clinical investigation 19751001

• Long-term treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil, propranolol and furosemide.

  Circulation 19751001

• [Exotoxin-induced polyneuropathies].

  Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 19750425

• Use of the sphygmomanometer ASE-1 for the indirect measurement of blood pressure in the rat.

  Polish journal of pharmacology and pharmacy 19750101

• Letter: Sexual dysfunction due to methyldopa.

  British medical journal 19741012

• Galactorrhea and Parkinson-like syndrome: an adverse effect of alpha-methyldopa.

  Metabolism: clinical and experimental 19701201